3601) Free E-Book: Kurds And Armenians S Ximenez, 1852

It would be very difficult at the present time to clearly define the geographical boundaries of the Asiatic regions inhabited by closely intermixed Kurds and Armenians. By tracing a diagonal line from the Black Sea, in the neighbourhood of Batoum, to the Persian Gulf and passing through Suleimanieh, you will find Kurds on each side of that line. It seems as if the Kurdish population will not cease to spread until it finds no more territory before its path. It extends towards the Western part of Mesopotamia, it encroaches upon Syria, it is scattered all over the Plain of Koniah, reaching the neighbourhood of the Bosphorus. The Western and North- Western portions of Persia are belonging, as it were, to the Kurds, whilst on each side of the Turco-Persian frontier, between Suleimanieh and Bayazid, they form a compact mass which dwells over the whole boundary line, forming a zone which is lying between Persians and Osmanlis. Its propagating and assimilating power is immense.

At the beginning of the Seventeenth Century Shah Abbas Mirza Khan conceived the idea of implanting Kurdish colonies in Khorassan for the purpose of repelling the incursions of Turcomans, against whom the inhabitants were powerless. The 15,000 families sent there at that time have developed now into 45,000 families, which represent in round numbers 275,000 Kurds who are settled in the provinces of Boundjour, Dereghez, and Koutchan. As for the Ottoman Empire the Kurds are extending as far as the Lower Tigris, and are assimilated to the Turcoman tribes, especially the Hamawanes. In the Suleimanieh district the Arabs, who were the original settlers, have become Kurds, and use a Kurdish dialect, Kurdish customs and Kurdish various creeds, but it should be noticed that in regard to ethnography the Semitic type has absorbed the Iranian. The same phenomenon applies to the Tairanians, who, being dispersed over the Taurus table-land have become Kurds or semi-Kurds. . . .

Read Full Post !

3600) Free E-Book: Armenian Troubles And Where The Responsibility Lies, 1895

The Turkish Government has never denied that serious disturbances have taken place at the district of Sassoun. What it has denied is the accusation that there was a pre-meditated massacre; and yet this is the absurd basis upon which is built the whole Armenian agitation, both in America and Europe. The mere idea that the Sultan would order a massacre of his Christian subjects, Armenians or no Armenians, is ridiculous in itself, and denotes a credulous belief in the falsehoods and calumnies propagated by the Armenian revolutionary committees.

People cannot understand here in Turkey how serious American newspapers could accept and print in their columns assertions made with the object of throwing odium on the legitimate authority of a friendly power. Mere affirmations ought not to be considered as sufficient. Proofs ought to be asked above everything else. If such were the case, the most wild absurdities about Turkey would never appear in the daily press. What, however, has surprised some people most is to see the boldness and fanaticism of not a few American clergy-men, who try to impart a religious and fanatical tendency to a question that is, and ought to remain, a political one. That Turkey does not make any religious distinctions between her subjects is shown by the fact that Armenians . . .

Read Full Post !

3569) Armenian Circle Of Deception

Ref. 10: Bulletin No.4, April 5, 1916: “Latest News Concerning the Armenian and Syrian Sufferers”. “We can estimate the number of survivors today at between 1.150.00 and 1.200.00 (This is contradicted by the Hearing of US Congress June 21, 1916, further down) (NER final Balance Report 31.12.1921 gave the number of survivors as 1.414.000) (Joint French-Armenian Land Distribution Commission Report (March 1, 1914) had declared total Armenians within the Empire under 1.280.000

. . .

Read Full Post !

3568) How Good Hearted People Were Brain Washed To Donate To Aid Christianity

Commentary by Sukru Server Aya

We have at hand some fifteen “News Bulletin” of the “American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief”, which by August 6, 1918 Congress incorporated the committee as the Near East Relief ,n official approval of the NER’s efforts to organize food.

In the August Posting # 3567, I had commented only on the most important of these Bulletins. Now I would like to “round up these Bulletins” with very short notes about their contents. In principle I am not for or against “decent missionaries of their faiths”! I was lucky to be educated by some of these honorable missionaries, quite a number of which rest in Istanbul Protestant Cemeteries and for which I had organized in the past memorial visits and church ceremonies with graduate friends. I think that readers enlightened by sufficient knowledge and intelligence, will detest the sufferings and blood baths made in the name of GOD (the merciful or revengeful)? It suffices to see what is going on today by Islamist fanatics, or remember other cases of the Thirty Years Wars, or myth of Catholic Pope Joan or Protestant Jim Jones and the end of his People’s Temple and followers!

. . .

Read Full Post !

3567) Armenia: Appeal To The American People, 29 Oct 1917

. . .

Read Full Post !

3485) The Armenian / Eastern Legion (Légion Arménienne / Légion dOrient)

Alternative Title
The Armenian Legion
Story

The Eastern / Armenian Legion (1916-1920). After negotiations in September and October 1916, between the paint Noumpar Pasha and the French authorities, the Eastern Legion (Légion d'Orient) was formally established in Cairo in November 1916 would be an auxiliary unit of the French Army, which consisted by Armenian volunteers from the Middle East, Europe and North America, whose purpose would be the release of Cilicia of the Ottoman Empire, with the aim of creating an independent Armenian state in the region. Several Armenian organizations pledged contributions to form battalions of the Legion. After negotiations with the British authorities decided that the training of volunteers will take place in Monarga in the Karpas peninsula, Cyprus. The camp was built in December 1916 by refugees from the Armenian Genocide and in January 1917 began the arrival of volunteers, which continued throughout the course of 1917 and 1918 The selection and training were quite strict. The camp consisted of the headquarters, barracks, various auxiliary facilities (including a Havouzas) and a small chapel. . . .

Read Full Post !

3484) Population Estimates Of New Armenian State, Aug 1919 by Albert H Lybyer

Draft of a report produced by Albert Lybyer, including handwritten notes, giving a range of population estimates for a new Armenian state, using different territorial proposals.

Lybyer, Albert Howe, 1876-1949
Armenia -- Population -- Statistics
World War, 1914-1918 -- Territorial questions -- Armenia -- Sources

ID Record series 15/13/22, Box 17: King-Crane Commission (May-August 1919)
Oberlin College
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. University Archives
Copyright Statement Permission to include this material was given to the Oberlin College Archives by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
For additional information please contact the University Archivist, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Room 19 Library, 1408 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801. Phone: (217) 333-0798.
Digital Publisher Oberlin College. Archives

. . .

Read Full Post !

3482) Settlement of Armenian Refugees -Syria &Lebanon, 1915-1939

T. H. Greenshields, 1978

Abstract
This thesis investigates the settlement of Armenian refugees in Syria and Lebanon between 1915 and 1939. The topic was conceived not so much as a refugee study but as a study of the processes of minority settlement in the Middle East., for while the importance of the ethnic mosaic pattern in the area has long been recognised, there have been few studies of the processes involved in the evolution of this pattern. A study of the processes of Armenian settlement would enable an assessment of the relative significance of ethnicity, economic status and political manipulation in determining the settlement pattern as well as test the writer's assumption of the interdependence of these constraints. While for purposes of analysis the principal constraints on settlement were investigated separately, and regional and urban patterns were differentiated, the object of the study was not to test individually the significan I ce of the various constraints discussed, but to construct an overall picture of the processes in operation against which their significance could ultimately be tested. The study reveals that while economic and social constraints acted powerfully to inhibit dispersal and maintain concentrationg political manipulation was less significant. In all respects, however, social, economic and Political constraints were interdependent and their principal effect was to maintain a self-perpetuating process of concentration and segregation, . . .

Read Full Post !

3474) Free E-Book: From Paris To Sevres -Partition Of The Ottoman Empire At The Peace Conference Of 1919-1920

From Paris To Sevres -Partition Of The Ottoman Empire At The Peace Conference Of 1919-1920

by Paul C. Helmreich

Following the end of the First World War, elated and distinguished statesmen representing the victorious powers gathered in Paris, London, and San Remo to draft terms that were to be imposed on their defeated enemies as safeguards of a hard-won peace. Of the five pacts that were ultimately concluded, the treaty with the Ottoman Empire took by far the longest to negotiate; for it involved not only the drafting of the peace terms themselves, but also the division that was to be made among the victors of vast territorial spoils. Professor Helmreich traces the troubled history of the negotiations among those nations — which included, for a time, the United States — that ultimately produced the remarkable document known, by virtue of the place in which it was signed, as the Treaty of Sevres.

When the Paris Peace Conference convened there appeared to be a clear consensus among the Allied and Associated Powers on fundamental issues — exclusion of the Turk from Europe, establishment of international control over Constantinople and the Straits, liberation . . .

Read Full Post !

3473) Free E-Book: League of Nations -Situation in Armenia -Telegrams Received and Dispatched by The Council,1920

. . .

Read Full Post !

3472) Armenians Were Responsible Constantinople Riots Premeditated, Says A Correspondent-Provocation & Intimidation Plan Of Armenian Revolutionary Committees, NYT, Oct 25,1895

"Armenians Were Responsible" Constantinople Riots Premeditated, Says A Correspondent:
Provocation & Intimidation Plan Of Armenian Revolutionary Committees, NYT, Oct 25,1895
. . .

Read Full Post !

3466) An American Report On The Russian Famine

Findings of the Russian Commission of the Near East Relief
Published by The Nation


I. THE COMMISSION
ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMISSION

0N August 1, 1921, a party of Americans then en route from New York to Transcaucasia to make a survey of conditions in Transcaucasia for the Near East Relief, came into possession of a quantity of new information respecting famine conditions in the Volga district of Russia which greatly impressed them with the very serious need which might, if the reports received were substantiated, affect the lives of several millions of people in Russia. It was learned, at the same time, that a movement was on foot in the United States to undertake a limited amount of relief work among the children and the sick of the Volga district of Russia.

While the conditions upon which it was proposed to undertake this relief work were not known, and while it was self-evident that no member of this party could in any sense whatever presume to represent any organization or organizations planning to undertake relief work in Russia and much less of course the American Government in investigating conditions in Russia, the American party in question found itself peculiarly fortunately situated to be able to obtain first-hand information of conditions in the famine district of Russia, with the least possible delay, and to place whatever information might thus be obtained at the disposal of Mr. Herbert Hoover, as head of the American Relief Administration, should he desire it, or of any other American agency which might subsequently undertake relief work in this district; at the same time placing before the American public an impartial account of conditions in Russia as observed by Americans entirely without interest or bias. . . .

Read Full Post !

3462) Terrorism in Modern Armenian Political Culture by Khachig Tololyan

. . .

Read Full Post !

3461) American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief 1917

. . .

Read Full Post !

3449) Armenian Spy Was Assasinated in Constantinople by Armenian National Committee, 11 June 1896, San Francisco Call

. . .

Read Full Post !

3447) Armenian Revolution Party To Armenians: Revolt Against Turks, The Morning Call, San Francisco, 5 Sept 1890

The Morning Call - San Francisco, 5 Sept 1890

An Armenian Revolt,
Constantinople,
The Armenian Revolutionary party has issued a circular appealing to Armenians everywhere to aid in a revolt against Turkish rule.

. . .

Read Full Post !

3433) Free E-Book: The Caliphs' Last Heritage - A Short History of The Turkish Empire by Mark Sykes and Review By Sukru Aya

In this book, Lt. Col. Sir Mark Sykes sets out to correct what he felt were the misguided impressions people had of the Ottoman Empire in 1915. From his own visits to the region, he felt that "there is nothing in our daily private life or public life today which is not directly or indirectly influenced by some human movement that took place in this zone".

He firstly discusses different periods from its history: from the Roman and Persian influence to that of Muhammad and the introduction of Islam, to Sulaiman the Magnificent's triumph in Baghdad. In this way, Sykes hopes to impart to the reader the extent of the important role played by the Empire through time.

The tone then changes and becomes more personal as the reader is granted access to the Colonel's own diaries and experiences in order to add more color and insight to the historical facts already relayed. Traveling with his dragoman (a Christian from Jerusalem), his English servant, his Greek cook, five Syrian muleteers, and sometimes his wife too, Sykes relates the many adventures of this international group in a wonderfully observant narrative. We travel with him on 5 journeys throughout the region between 1905-1913 before finally tumbling into "a lousy carriage an inch deep on the floor in banana skins and nut shells, and broken meats left by its last occupants; and so to Damascus and thus to my journey's end."

This really is a window on a forgotten era.. . .

Read Full Post !

3431) Free E-Book: Refugees, League Of Nations Union, 1930

. . .

Read Full Post !

3430) Free E-Book: Armenian Loan - League of Nations Report, Geneva, 1925

. . .

Read Full Post !

3429) Free E-Book: League Of Nations Questions: The Refugees, Geneva, 1938

. . .

Read Full Post !