
Book Review by Jeremy Salt,
Former Associate Professor Of Middle Eastern Studies
At Bilkent University
The Armenian Events of Adana in 1909: Cemal Pasa and Beyond by Yücel Güçlü, Hamilton Books, 2018. 499 pages. $32.99.
In the contested and controversial historical issue known as “the Armenian Question,” the 1909 communal upheaval in Adana stands between the breakdown of order in the eastern Anatolian provinces in the 1890s and the catastrophe that overwhelmed the civilian population of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Those affected were Muslims as well as Christians, although it is almost entirely the suffering of the latter that has captured the attention of the “western” cultural mainstream.
The Adana “events” have been the subject of numerous works. The titles that quickly come to mind are Raymond Kevorkian’s studies in French and English; Kemal Çiçek’s collection of essays, Adana 1909 Olaylareli: Makaleler (Ankara Events of 1909: Articles); and Tetsuya Sahara’s short but meticulously researched monograph, What Happened in Adana in 1909? . . .
10.4.19
3695) Book Review by Jeremy Salt Armenian Events of Adana in 1909 Cemal Pasa and Beyond by Yücel Güçlü
Labels: Book REVIEW, Jeremy Salt, Research PAPERS, Yucel GUCLU
25.3.19
3689) American Right-Wing Authors Use Fake Photos To Slander Turks
American Right-Wing Authors Use Fake Photos To Slander Turks
Bill Federer
29.12.2017
A far-right American website www.wnd.com published an article by certain Bill Federer, who claims that Turkey committed a genocide against Armenians in 1915. The article is replete with historical inaccuracies and bald-faced lies. Remarkably, the author uses a well known fake image of an “Ottoman official” to advance his point, which goes to show the quality of his research. The only evidence in his accusations against Turkey are the political statements from American Presidents, who were leaders of the USA at the time when USA and the Ottoman Empire were political rivals and later warring parties in the WWI. Of course, the statements of politicians should not be taken at the face value. It is like using the claims of J.W. Bush of the weapons of mass destruction to claim that Iraq actually had them. Coming back to the image, the fact that it was a fake has been a general knowledge since 2010, when the Australian scholar Dr. Jeremy Salt exposed the fakery in his article. . .
7.12.18
3674) Review Essay: The Denial Of The Right To Disagree by Jeremy SALT
‘Denial’ is a weapon in the hands of the propagandist and the historian who uses it risks being put in the same category. What it means is that all relevant facts are known and beyond challenge. To question them is to ‘deny’ their truth. In a work of history, such an approach should be completely unacceptable. In their entirety, facts are never known. One history is only the layering over of other histories, to be replaced in its turn as new facts and more plausible explanations come to light. When it comes to the Armenian question, however, this process is short-circuited by ‘denial’.
Fatma Müge Göçek, Denial of Violence. Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789-2009 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 629 pp.
Review Essay: The Denial Of The Right To Disagree
Jeremy SALT*
To cite this article: Salt, Jeremy. “Review Essay: The Denial of the Right to Disagree.”
Review of Armenian Studies, Issue 37 (2018).
Received: 10.02.2018
Accepted: 28.06.2018
The author states that the tehcir (‘relocation’) and massacres of Armenians in the First World War was ‘the first instance of a crime against humanity.’ In fact it was not; it was the first use of the phrase and only the first allegation that such a crime had been committed. Furthermore, the accusation by Britain, France, and Russia, specifically of ‘crimes against humanity’, was part of an intense propaganda war being waged against the Ottoman Empire by the allied powers. They had built their own empires through war, mass murder, and the destruction of cultures and were wide open to the same accusation many times over. Indeed, the recorded history of the human species is characterised by such crimes. The ethnic cleansing of Muslims from the Balkans twice in the . . . .
Labels: Book REVIEW, Jeremy Salt, Research PAPERS
9.6.16
3613) Turks and Armenians – A Debate | Unheeded Warning | In Memory of British Statesmanship | ‘Defence of the Realm’ in Turkey | The Times Criticised For Using ‘Forged’ Documents to Make Armenian Genocide Claims | Bad Day In The Bundestag | Having Admitted Complicity in Genocide, Germany Should Now Compensate Armenians | Archbishop Atesyan’s Letter to Erdogan | Letter to Atesyan from Agos | Perceptions" (2015) On The Ottoman Empire in WWI
- Turks and Armenians – A Debate (1919-20) by Dr Pat Walsh
- An Unheeded Warning, In Memory of British Statesmanship & ‘Defence of the Realm’ in Turkey by Dr Pat Walsh
- The Times Criticised For Using ‘Forged’ Documents to Make Armenian Genocide Claims
- A Bad Day In The Bundestag by Jeremy SALT
- Having Admitted Complicity in Genocide, Germany Should Now Compensate Armenians by By Harut Sassounian
- Archbishop Atesyan’s Letter to Erdogan: We Submit Our Regret to Your Dignified Office
- Letter to Atesyan from Agos: May God Bestow Sense, Intelligence and Comprehension on You
- Acting Armenian Patriarch of Turkey: Shameful Tool of Turkish Propaganda by Harut Sassounian
- Perceptions" (2015) On The Ottoman Empire in WWI . . .
Labels: Agos, Harut SASSOUNIAN, Jeremy Salt, Pat WALSH, Research PAPERS, SAM
1.12.15
3581) Buenos, Naidoo, Gauin, Salt, Kirlikovali, Sassounian, Aya, Walsh, Demirmen, Cheterian - 01Dec2015
- Video: Tal Buenos Interview on Turkey-Armenia 100th Anniversary , Anand Naidoo
- Russia Using the ‘Armenian Card’ , Turgut Kerem Tuncel
- Robert Fisk, Between Francophobia And Turkophobia ,Maxime Gauin
- ECHR Confirms Freedom Of Expression In Armenian Case , Jeremy Salt
- The New Revenge Of Law On Politics , Maxime Gauin
- ECHR Grand Chamber Verdict Of October 15, 2015 : Pros & Cons , Ergun Kirlikovali,
- Top European Court’s Decision Should Make Pope Francis Blush, Ferruh Demirmen
- The Puppet Pope , Tal Buenos
- To Ban Genocide Denial, Court Incites Armenians to Commit Violence, Harut Sassounian
- Counter Comments for Harut Sassunian by Sukru Server Aya
- The European Court of Human Rights Violates My Rights , Vicken Cheterian
- Cheterian on EHCR human rights Response by Sukru Aya
- Amal And The Armenians: The Power To Attract, Tal Buenos
- Dadrian: An Armenian Name In An American Game , Tal Buenos
- The Neocolonialist Tactics Of The New York Times, Tal Buenos
- Were The Armenians ‘Über-Jews’? By Dr Pat Walsh
- Our “Genocidal” Allies (Again) By Dr Pat Walsh
- James Bryce – A Fatal Philanthropist Dr Pat Walsh
- Armenian Spin Machine: Peddling a Humiliating Defeat as Victory, Ferruh Demirmen
21.10.15
3575) Review Essay by Jeremy Salt: A Lawyer's Blundering Foray Into History
Author: Geoffrey Robertson, QC, An Inconvenient Genocide: Who
Now Remembers the Armenians? (London: Biteback Publishing,
2014), 293 pp.
The author of this book is well known, as an international human rights lawyer, as the author of other books and as a television panelist and former moderator of the BBC quiz program ‘Hypotheticals.’ His reputation alone will ensure sales and favorable reviews but this book cannot be regarded as a serious study of the Armenian question, let alone as the historical basis for a legal judgment of any kind.
Mr Robertson’s problems begin with the front cover. ‘Who now remembers the Armenians?’ refers to a statement allegedly made by Hitler on the eve of the invasion of Poland, yet in three versions of the speech admitted as evidence at the Nuremberg tribunal there is no mention of the Armenians. 1 They appear in a version passed around by an American journalist, Louis P. Lochner, who claims to have been given it a week before the invasion of Poland by a confidant of one of Hitler’s enemies . .
Labels: Book REVIEW, Geoffrey ROBERTSON, Jeremy Salt
5.6.14
3467) Armenian -Relocation- Case For -Military Necessity- by Assoc Prof Dr Jeremy Salt
Assoc Prof Dr Jeremy SALT
Ottomans and Armenians. A Study in Counterinsurgency. Author: Edward J. Erickson, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 299 pages.
Abstract: This article focuses on the questions of insurgency and ‘military necessity’ as a reason for moving the bulk of the Armenian population from the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the second half of 1915. It looks at precedent and parallel cases of ‘relocations’ in military history and follows the course of the war as it was fought by the Ottoman government from late 1914, on the battle front and behind the lines, until the Van uprising of April, 1915, precipitated the decision to ‘relocate’ the Armenian civilian population.
Keywords: Ottoman Empire, World War I, Committee for Union and Progress, Russia, Britain, Sarikamis, Van, Caucasus, Syria, Armenians, Kurds, Assyrians, relocation, insurgency, Teskilat i-Mahsusa, druzhiny, wartime trials. . . .
Labels: Book REVIEW, Jeremy Salt, Research PAPERS
7.3.14
3440) Notes From The Battlefield Known As -History-
Abstract: That history is a battlefield of ideas, facts and interpretation
is a truth every historian worthy of the description knows. In this article
I raise some issues related to my own academic involvement in the
history of the ‘Armenian question’. It would be incorrect to say that
there is a ‘debate’ over this issue. Debate implies genuine engagement
in the search for truth but in Europe, the US, Australia and numerous
other countries around the world the truth is apparently known to
people who have little or no knowledge of late Ottoman history. History
is thus brought to a dead stop: when the truth is known, debate becomes
pointless and even offensive – why would anyone want to challenge the
truth when it is so manifestly the truth? The point here is that the
mainstream narrative is not the truth, the whole truth and nothing but
the truth. It is more a mixture of truths, half truths, lies, exaggerations
and omissions that would significantly shape perceptions were they are
ever allowed into the mainstream. This short article examines, from a
personal perspective, some of the issues that have taken the author’s
attention.
Keywords: History, Turkish-Armenian relations . . .
Labels: Jeremy Salt, Research PAPERS, Sukru AYA
4.1.14
3423) Armenians And Syria 1915 & 2013 - by Jeremy Salt
For a long time Fisk’s accusations against the Ottoman government were based on forged ‘documents’, the notorious Andonian papers, which purported to show that the Ottoman government sent orders to provincial officials to exterminate the Armenians. Most of his other claims are based on First World War propaganda or his own imaginative suppositions. The stories told to him by ancient Armenian survivors from the massacres of 1915 could have been matched by the tales of ancient Muslim survivors of massacres by Armenians, had he even been aware of their existence, had he bothered to travel to eastern Anatolia to talk to them before they, too, died. . . .
Labels: Arnold Toynbee, Jeremy Salt, Robert Fisk
22.11.13
3415) Gallipoli And Why Turks Are Angry - Jeremy Salt
Updated: Letter To Australian MP Rowland By Sukru Aya 27.11.13
https://www.facebook.com/mrowlandmp
http://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=159771
Video of Michelle Rowland's address in Parliament during Justin McCarthy's visit:
Monday, 25 November 2013
Yet Another dishonest dishonourable Australian Politician this time Ms Michelle Rowland MP
Michelle Rowland MP
Electorate Office: 230 Prospect Hwy
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
Postal Address: PO Box 686, Seven Hills, NSW 1730
Tel: (02) 9671 4780
Tel: (02) 9671 5147
Email: michelle.rowland.mp@aph.gov.au
Open letter to Ms Michelle Rowland MP
Dear Ms Rowland,
I write to you as a concerned Australian citizen, I recently viewed your speech in relation to the fallacious Armenian Genocide claims. I have several questions for you as a concerned citizen.
1. What exactly do you know about the alleged "Armenian Genocide" claims?
2. Have you ever met Prof Justin McCarthy?
3. What do you know about Prof Justin McCarthy?
4. Have you read any of Prof McCarthy's many books or journal articles?
5. If so can you please advise me which ones and what they say in summary?
6. Have you ever checked any of the facts Prof McCarthy asserts?
7. Will you repeat your words about Prof McCarthy outside the Parliamentary Chamber?
You see Ms Rowland, from your speech you imply Australia is a country where people have the freedom to express themselves and publish. Further you call Prof McCarthy "an Armenian Genocide denier" the imputation is clear, that either his research is flawed and he is incompetent or worse dishonest.
Then you proceed with your speech and state the following:-
".....this is an issue of great importance to many people whom I know and respect........as I said Australia is a country of free speech and that is a great thing and just as Professor McCarthy can say what he likes, I too can articulate my disagreement and displeasure with his views and I choose to do that today. I also note that as circulated by the Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide studies an open letter to the Federal Parliament quoting Australian Jurist Geoffrey Robertson QC published his opinion on this matter in 2009 based on British documents he examined Robertson concluded the events in question constituted Genocide.
Of McCarthy he stated I do not regard his analysis either as legally correct or as factually excluding a finding of Genocide. I can also understand the heighten frustration that many Australian Armenians feel on this matter because of the venue at which this event is scheduled to take place. And my views............. Hitler said before he marched across Europe No one remembers the Armenians, well as I said we should remember the Armenians, and the events between 1915 and 1923 that saw the systematic killing of Armenian, Hellenic and Assyrian people, do represent a scar on the face of humanity.
The Armenian Genocide remains one of the least known and misunderstood episodes of the 20th Century. And again I note some of the issues that have been raised by groups such as the Armenian National Committee and I quote Australian POWs recorded the marches, the massacres and the complete destruction of Armenian Churches, Villages and city quarters. ANZAC servicemen also rescued survivors across the Middle East. Today I acknowledge the tragic events of 1915 and affirm my commitment as I said to never forget what happened to the Armenian people who were effectively eliminated from the homeland they had occupied for nearly 3000 years and personally Madam Deputy Speaker can I say that the reason why I choose to take a great interest in this matter is indeed a very personal one.
Two of my closest friends [unknown spelling of friends names] who are of Australian Armenian descent brought this matter to my attention many years ago, and have contributed in many different ways to the Armenian Community in Sydney, and I do want a say a special call out to [friends names] who recently became parents for the first time and as I noted in my address to the commemoration in Chatswood earlier this year. I think it is very important for us to reflect on the fact that so many people who were pictured in the videos that we saw at that event they were probably the ancestors those victims were probably the ancestors of many people who were watching that and I found it very difficult to watch a lot of the footage that was provided on that occasion, and as for baby [unknown spelling of baby's name] who was born only a few weeks ago she was in her mother's womb at the time in the audience watching me, and she is now obviously a very happy little baby and against the odds for many of her people she has made a safe home in Australia. She will grow up to be a wonderful Australian woman I know with fantastic parents and a fantastic community around her. ............. that Australia's first major international humanitarian relief effort was in fact to help Armenian orphans from the genocide "
Now before I commence my paragraphs proper I would like to point out that I could well inundate you with information. However, I will not do that because I know you will not read even the shortest letter I send you nor are you interested in the full facts. I will address only what I believe to be the most important parts or more appropriately your biggest failures in that speech.
You see Ms Rowland NOT ONCE, throughout that entire speech you do NOT ONCE mention the Turkish or other Muslim deaths at the hands of Armenians, at the end of this letter I will reproduce for you hardcore evidence which IF you were mined to could well FACT CHECK. However, I doubt you will do that it would offend your closest friends would it not?
You rely on and quote Geoffrey Robertson QC's opinion from 2009. Well let's look at that opinion. As you implicitly stated everybody is entitled to their own opinion and Mr Robertson is surely entitled to his. However, let's not forget that it is just exactly that an opinion, not a Judgement from a competent and well instructed Tribunal of Fact and Law.
If you have looked at Mr Robertson's 44 page opinion you would have gleaned the following:-
"The Armenian Centre decided in 2008 to refer this matter for the expert opinion of Mr Geoffrey Robertson QC,.....Mr Robertson was instructed by solicitor Bernard Andonian to reach his own independent conclusions on all legal and factual issues, without being influenced by the concerns of the Centre. I am instructed by the Armenian Centre to consider the attitude of the British government in refusing to accept that the massacres of Armenians in 1915 - 16 amounted to genocide, and whether its reasons for taking this position are valid and sustainable in international law."
The title of his opinion and that paragraph above speaks volumes. It is nothing but an opinion, further he was instructed by "The Armenian Centre" and Solicitor Mr Bernard Andonian. The first question that comes to my mind is whether Mr Bernard Andonian is related to the infamous forgery titled "The Andonian papers" and the man who actually created those forged documents Mr Andonian?
Then as you may be aware in the adversarial system Barristers are Advocates for a particular party that engages their services. So it is evident that the "Armenian Centre" paid Mr Robertson (which I assume was a great deal of money) to put forward their best case. From there we move on to see whether the amount they paid was value for money. With all due respect to Mr Robertson, from reading his opinion I would suggest that the Armenian Centre has wasted their funds yet again.
The reasons why I believe that to be the case are as follows;
Not once does Mr Robertson mention that he requested information from the Turkish side of the argument. He superficially glosses over what three particular historians may have said and done and in fact goes on to what I believe is defaming Professor Heath Lowry without explaining the full circumstances of what transpired in those events nor does he give Professor Lowry a right of reply.
Now you being a member of Parliament in Australia which is a Liberal Democratic society should ought to know some fundamental facts about what that means. That is a fundamental rule in our system is the concept of the Rule of Law. That is everybody should be held equal in the eyes of the law but more importantly "Natural Justice" or proper "Due Process" is the entitlement of all persons living within a Liberal Democratic society. I ask you "Where was our Right to Reply when Mr Robertson was forming his opinion?"
Who did he from the Turkish side ask to present any evidence?
You see and therein lies the problem. People like you Mr Robertson and others will not or do not wish to hear what evidence the Turks may present. Are you aware that a whole book full of original source documents has been printed detailing in minute detail where Mr Robertson erred in his opinion? That book is called, "Twisted Law versus Documented History Geoffrey Robertson's opinion on Genocide against proven Facts" by Mr Sukru Aya in English and as I say with source documents. If you want to learn in detail where Mr Robertson has got it wrong please read that book. However, I'm sure that you like many others who take the high moral ground will not read that book and I even doubt you have read Mr Robertson's opinion. You see to people like you it's only Armenian "Christian" lives that are of value not Turkish and other Muslim lives. They for you are just dispensable pieces of garbage are they not?
Moving on Mr Robertson states in his opinion;
"The United Kingdom rounded up 67 Turkish officials suspected of ordering atrocities and held them
for trial in Malta, but for reasons of diplomatic expediency they were eventually released."
You see that stated FACT is WRONG, there were approximately 140 members of the Turkish Leadership arrested without charge and moved to Malta ala Guantanamo Bay style. I reiterate WITHOUT CHARGE, they were held there for approximately two and a half years whilst the British searched far and wide for evidence of crimes against Humanity and other War crimes of the Ottoman Leadership.
Mr Robertson gets this aspect very wrong and glosses over it. Further he then with the use of his eloquent command of the English Language implies that these men were guilty of war crimes but for "political expediency" they were released and returned. That is not the case at all.
If you were minded to fact check this incident you will find in the British Archives the following documents:-
See the following letters exchanged between the Attorney General of Malta and Mr WS Edmonds, as the last words:
The letters written by H.M. Procurator-General’s Department to Mr Lancelot Oliphant (directed by Earl Curzon of Kedleston) dated July 29th, 1921 read:
‘It seems improbable that the charges made against some of the accused will be capable of legal proof in a Court of Law.’
(F.O. 371/6502/E.5845: L.Olipant (F.O.) to Mr Woods (Procurator-General’s Department)
5845/132/44 of May 31st,1921)
‘Until more precise information is available as to the nature of the evidence which will be forthcoming at the trials, the Attorney General does not feel that he is in a position to express any opinion as to the prospect of success in any of the cases submitted for his consideration’
(F.O. 371/6504/E.8745: Woods (Procurator-General’s Department) to the Under Secretary of Stat efor FO., of July 29th, 1921)
Upon the receipt of Attorney General’s opinion Mr WS Edmonds minuted:
‘From this letter, it appears that the chances of obtaining convictions are almost nil…
‘The American Government, we have ascertained, cannot help with any evidence…
‘In addition to the ABSENCE OF LEGAL EVIDENCE there is the extreme unlikelihood that the French and Italians would agree to participate in constituting the court provided for in art.230 of the Treaty (of Sevres)….
‘ON THE OTHER HAND WE CERTAINLY CAN NOT RELEASE ANY TURKS UNTIL OUR OWN PRISONERS ARE RETURNED…. THE PROPER TIME FOR THE RELEASE OF THE TURKS SEEMS TO BE WHEN IT CAN BE DONE AS PART OF A GENERAL SETTLEMENT WITH TURKEY.’
‘IT IS REGRETTABLE THAT THE TURKS HAVE BEEN CONFINED AS LONG WITHOUT CHARGES BEING FORMULATED AGAINST THEM….’
(PRO-F.O. 371/6504/E.8745: Minutes by Edmonds of August 3rd,1921)
" The comments about Malta; The British sent these men to Malta in the hope of finding evidence against them of crimes against the British (and Christians). Most were city Governors, officers etc and some were accused of mistreating POWs. Several were Commandants of POW camps. Mazlum Bey was Commandant of Afion camp for about 9 months in 1916. He was replaced on the recommendation of Turkish Camp Inspector Ziya Bey, who made many improvements of camp conditions throughout Turkey. (Unfortunately he was also sent to Malta for a time). Evidence was not found whilst the men were locked away.
Mazlum Bey was accused of cruelty and other 'crimes'. One crime was the sodomy of two British naval men. However, the two men examined by British surgeons were found not to have had any signs of sodomy practiced upon them. Despite some prisoners accusing him of beatings, various reports from the International Red Cross and Red Crescent stated that they had been exaggerated. However, it seems that he was benefitting from inflated prices and theft of supplies. Thus he was removed by the Turkish War Office at the end of 1916.
Many of the memoirs published at the end of the war have exaggerated their hardships. Many of these memoirs do not reveal that at the main camp for the Berlin-Baghdad railway at Belemedik, the men were able to drink alcohol (also at Afyon), shop for themselves, visit taverns and restaurants - and also visit the local railway brothel.
The figures relating to the death rates in the camps have also been exaggerated over the years. It was to the benefit of the British Government to exaggerate Turkish behaviour to justify the take-over and carving up of Ottoman territory after the war. "
Dr J L Inspector, HSIE (History)
So Ms Rowland you see the truth is in fact the opposite. It was the British who kept innocent men jailed in order to rescue their own men. It was Political expediency but not for the Turks benefit but for the benefit of the British, knowing these Turkish men to be innocent they held out until an agreement of settlement was reached between the Turks. Nowhere in Mr Robertson's opinion does it mention those documents mentioned above from the British Archives. So I ask you how is it that a Right of Reply or Natural Justice been provided for the Turks?
As you stated, everybody is entitled to their own opinions as is Mr Robertson and yourself, BUT what you are NOT entitled to is the proven historical facts.
Moving on again both you and Mr Robertson refer to the infamous "Hitler" quote which has been found to be yet another Armenian fabricated forgery. In fact found out to be a forgery by an Honourable Armenian Dr John Robert of New York.
See his detailed work at the end of this letter and yet again FACT CHECK if you so desire. We know that you won't you'll continue like Mr Robertson QC to refer to the fabricated Hitler quote because you believe it bolsters you argument. That is dishonest and despicable.
As Dr Pat Walsh stated,
"The message is clear: to deny the allegations of an Armenian ‘genocide’ is to be a ‘Holocaust denier’ – so beware!"
See Dr Walsh's full speech at the end of this letter.
Now there is much much more I could well say and provide you with source documents but I do not have the time nor inclination to try and convince a dishonest politician of the truth. As I say above Ms Rowland both you and Mr Robertson are entitled to your opinions but your are certainly NOT entitled to your own FACTS.
Therefore I call you a dishonest person with no integrity whatsoever. When will the Australians of Turkish descent have their right of reply in Parliament? I personally challenge you to a debate on this issue.
In your speech in parliament mentioned above you state;-
" I think it is very important for us to reflect on the fact that so many people who were pictured in the videos that we saw at that event they were probably the ancestors those victims were probably the ancestors of many people who were watching that and I found it very difficult to watch a lot of the footage that was provided on that occasion, and as for baby [unknown spelling of baby's name] who was born only a few weeks ago she was in her mother's womb at the time in the audience watching me, and she is now obviously a very happy little baby and against the odds for many of her people she has made a safe home in Australia. She will grow up to be a wonderful Australian woman I know with fantastic parents and a fantastic community around her. ............. that Australia's first major international humanitarian relief effort was in fact to help Armenian orphans from the genocide "
Well I would like to inform you that I am very lucky to be alive here in Australia today because many of my maternal grandmothers relatives were murdered by Armenians in Kars during the material times subject to this issue. Who will cry for them? Who will speak for them?
My Grandmother was only a baby when her and her Aunty narrowly escaped the Armenian murderers in Kars. Her own Mother was not so lucky she was murdered by Armenians, that is my maternal Great Grandmother.
You say above that little innocent child belonging to your friends, "will grow up to be a wonderful Australian woman... with fantastic parents and community around her." What about the many wonderful Turkish children born in Australia and their parents who have contributed so much to Australian Society?
Further, as you no doubt are aware The Consul General of the Republic of Turkey Mr Sarik Ariyak and his Diplomatic Security Attaché were murdered at Dover Heights in Sydney in 1980, by Armenian Terrorists and the Turkish Consulate in Melbourne was bombed by Armenian Terrorists in 1986.
Were you aware that the NSW Police have intelligence which stipulates that the Armenian Community in the Northern Suburbs of Sydney gathered funds and financed the Murderers of Mr Ariyak and Mr Sever?
I would like to ask you what you would have said to Mrs Ariyak and her 8 year old daughter who witnessed the slaughter of their Husband and Father respectively?
What would you have said to the now deceased parents of Mr Sever who was their ONLY child?
But it doesn't matter to people like you does it? Because they were only Muslim Turks their lives had no value to you and your ilk.
So in short I congratulate you for joining the ranks of the dishonest, hatred inciting, terrorism supporting imbeciles, and ask you one last question with all sincerity what will it take for the Turkish side of the story to be told?
That is when will we be given our natural justice, due process or Right of Reply? When some disenfranchised, mentally unstable Turk or Turks decide to commit murder, for exampling murdering some Australian Politician and/or bombing an Australian Diplomatic Mission overseas before we get noticed?
Let me reproduce for you what their Honours from the Court of Appeal in Victoria said about Demirian the bomber of the Turkish consulate:-
In a joint judgment, McGarvie and O'Bryan JJ said:
“The type of activity engaged in by the applicant and others is rare in this country but terrorist acts are commonplace in the country from whence the applicant emigrated to Australia. Unless courts in this country are vigilant in imposing condign sentences for such conduct evil-minded persons might seek to emulate this conduct. The conduct of the applicant in conspiring with others to endanger life and cause serious injury to property by detonating an explosive substance beneath the Consulate brought shame to this country when the bomb exploded. The Turkish nation is a friendly power and members of the Turkish community now assimilated into Australian society were affronted by this evil deed. The heinousness of the crime is accentuated by the fact that the applicant abused the sanctuary this country offered him.
When a crime of such notoriety and heinousness is committed in the name of a political cause this Court is not required to fix a minimum term. The political nature of the offence and its seriousness render the fixing of such a term inappropriate. A sentence imposed in these circumstances should be exceptional to mark the seriousness with which the crime is viewed and therefore no minimum term should be fixed.” (1988 33 A Crim R at p 474)
Tadgell J agreed, in relation to that aspect of the appeal (at p 481).
Is that the sort of thing you want to see on the streets of Australia? Is that your intention? Australians of Turkish descent are sick and tired for being denied their right of reply for decades now and almost a Century.
I doubt very much you will even respond to this letter let alone answer any of the questions asked of you. So I make it an open letter for people of independent minds to ask you those questions and know our side of the story.
Regards
HISTORIAN OF ARMENIAN DESCENT SAYS FREQUENTLY USED HITLER QUOTE IS NOTHING BUT A FORGERY
Baden-Baden, W. Germany - Dr. Robert John, a historian and political analyst of Armenian descent from New York City, declared here that a commonly used quotation of an alleged statement by Adolf Hitler concerning the Armenian massacres was a forgery and should not be used.
Dr. John demonstrated how he had traced the original document in the Military Branch of the National Archives of the U.S.A. after being handed a folder bearing the quotation at a rally outside the United Nations building in New York following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.
The quotation: “Our strength is in our quickness and our brutality.... For the time being I have sent to the east only Death’s Heads units, with the order to kill without pity or mercy all men, women and children... Who talks nowadays of the extermination of the Armenians?”
Dr. John showed slides of this document, undated and unsigned, with some words cut out of the last page. The statement was supposed to have been made at a meeting of the top German staff of the Obersalzberg on August 22, 1939. The document was released to the international press covering the Nuremberg War Crimes trials on Friday, November 23, 1945. The trials had commenced that Monday. The document was one of several made available to the press that day. Two-hundred-fifty copies were given to press correspondents, but only five copies were given to the 17 defense counsels - 24 hours before the Court convened on Monday!
Much later in the trial, the German defense lawyers were able to introduce the most complete account of the address, taken down by German Admiral Hermann Boehm, which runs to 12 pages in translation. There is no mention of the Armenians or the rest of the “quotation.”
Dr. Robert John said he believed that the document was introduced to create a climate of hate which was needed to stifle the protests of eminent American jurists such as Sen. R. Taft and Chief Justice Harland Stone. He had discussed it with Gen. Telford Taylor, who had said, “I know the document you mean, I don’t know its provenance, and I have not used it in my own work.”
“We all believe that violence breeds violence,” said Dr. John. “There has been an increase in Armenian violence since this false inflammatory statement was given publicly. Films like ‘The Day After’ are a form of violence, and should not be shown to children - who are unable to evaluate their content. Films about the “Holocaust” are a form of violence and are harmful to us as well as to Jews.
There is a high probability that the surprising violence and brutality shown by the Israelis towards the
Palestinians, may be a result of being frequently exposed to these old scenes. Just as parents who abuse their children have often been abused themselves.”
Dr. John briefly traced the history of atrocity propaganda, particularly from the British — and later — American view. Real atrocities certainly occurred, but the deliberate fabrication and dissemination of atrocity stories increased the probability of their occurring. “Hate hurts the hater and hated. We are still living in the haze of distortions and actual horrors which occurred so long ago.” he commented.
“The time has come to stop psychologically damaging ourselves and our children by “Holocaust studies” and Holocaust” museums,” he continued. “The Armenian, the Jew, or the African, should not damage their development with a continual conditioning of hate, neither should spurious guilt be visited upon others. These negative preoccupations and obsessions are obstructing our evolution.”
Dr. John, whose paper is entitled “Information and Misinformation,” hails from Armenian parents who moved from New Julla, Iran to India. His father changed his name from Hovhanes to “John,” and subsequently the family moved to England. Dr. John studies law in England and holds a doctoral
degree in political science from London University. He is presently a contributor to the London, England based The Middle East Magazine monthly, and in addition to giving lectures, is a frequent contributor to numerous magazines and publications. He is also the author of Palestine Diary, and specializes in Middle Eastern issues, including the Palestinian issue.
The REPORTER
“America’s Leading Armenian Newspaper,” August 2, 1984
Dr Pat Walsh's speech re Geoffrey Robertson QC's Opinion
Dr Pat Walsh: Morgenthau’s Book Is A Propagandist Construct Around Actual Events, For A Political Purpose
Dr. Pat Walsh’ Speech, Istanbul, March 30, 2013, “Rahmi M. Koc. Museum”
It gives me great pleasure to launch ‘Preposterous Paradoxes of Ambassador Morgenthau’ by Şükrü Server Aya on behalf of Athol Books. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of you for coming to this significant event and hope you will take something away from it. Athol Books sees this event as part of a project to re-establish Ireland’s and Turkey’s common links in History going back to the time when the Ottoman Sultan Abdulmajid I provided much needed relief to the Irish people during the Great Famine of 1847.
It encompasses the links between the countries’ independence struggles at the close of World War I. The founding document of Irish independence, ‘The 1916 Proclamation’ addresses “our gallant allies in Europe” and Dáil’s Éireann’s first venture into foreign affairs, ‘Message to the Free Nations of the World’ was delivered to the Grand National Assembly at Ankara, in late 1921.
Both Turkey and Ireland had treaties imposed upon them in 1920/1 by the same Great Power. Ataturk was written about in Ireland as a great inspiration to those struggling against Imperialism, showing how foreign imposed treaties could be broken and an independent nation emerge.
This will be the fourth book by Şükrü Aya published in English on the tragic events of 1915 in Eastern Anatolia. Aya’s method is straightforward and involves finding the “documented facts” and laying them down to the “judgment of the reader”. His work is an important addition to the effort to find the truth behind events that are being increasingly rendered historically false and presented in the realm of political propaganda. . .
I would like to start with a story that will show you the importance of the issue that Şükrü Aya writes about in his new book.
About a year ago I attended a residential course for History teachers. This course was in Northern Ireland, where I come from, and which, you will all be aware, has experienced many years of conflict.
In recent years many organizations have had an interest in promoting ‘conflict resolution’ and the one that held this conference is from Massachusetts in the United States and is called ‘Facing History and Ourselves.’
The conference was mainly about teaching children the lessons of the Jewish Holocaust - presumably so that things like this would not be repeated. A 600 page book was given to the teachers in attendance with readings to use in the classroom. It is called ‘Facing History and Ourselves – Holocaust and Human Behavior’
Although this book has over 500 pages of readings and commentaries on the Jewish Holocaust it also has a section on the Armenians and the events of 1915. It says “In 1915, soon after the war began, Turkey, which then ruled the Ottoman Empire, turned against the Armenians, a Christian minority that had lived for generations within the Muslim Ottoman Empire. The Armenians were accused of divided loyalties, because there were Armenians in Russia as well as in the Ottoman Empire and Russia was now the enemy.” (p.103)
There was no background about how the Armenians had lived as the ‘loyal community’ for centuries in the great collaboration of the Ottoman Empire, no mention of the 1907 agreement between Britain and Russia that effectively promised Constantinople to the Czar in return for his help in destroying Germany in a coming war; no explanation about how the Great War had come to the Ottoman Empire, no hint of why Russia had suddenly become ‘the enemy,’ and nothing at all about the activities of Armenian nationalists that might have encouraged the belief that they then had ‘divided loyalties.’
The next section of the book contains a long reading from ‘Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story’ which is presented as entirely factual and is used as evidence of what is termed “the greatest crime of the ages.”
At the end of this reading the book says; “The word genocide was coined during World War II to describe the murder of an entire people. Although the word did not yet exist in 1915, the crime took place nonetheless.” (p.106)
This is completely inaccurate. The word ‘genocide’ existed in 1915. However, the word ‘extirpate’ was used much more widely in the English-speaking world at that time. Charles Dilke used it to say in his best-selling book ‘Greater Britain’ that the Anglo-Saxons were the greatest genocidal force in history. He said this in praise of genocide as a law of nature and being part of ‘progress’.
Nothing like the ‘extirpation’ practiced by European colonialism is applicable to the Ottoman State in relation to the Armenians or any other minority within the territory of the Empire. In fact, the Ottomans were criticized by British writers for their easy-going tolerance of races which, it was suggested, was leading to the demise of their empire. The British Social Darwinists were, in particular, appalled at the way the Ottomans had inter-married and incorporated other races into the governing of their empire and had blended aspects of their cultures into the Ottoman mix.
The book I was given connects its main subject of the Jewish Holocaust with the events of 1915 with the following sentence: “In 1939, as Hitler planned the murder of the Jews, he asked, “Who after all speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?”
This is despite the fact that the document that contains the notorious Hitler quote was rejected by the Nuremburg Court as an obvious forgery.
There is another reading in the book called ‘Truth: The Last Victim of Genocide’ and one called ‘The Politics of Denial.’ It contains the text from a debate held in the U.S. Senate in February 1990 and offers “copies of articles and documents to refute Senator Byrd and his supporters.” i.e. those who questioned the allegation of denial (p.505).
The message is clear: to deny the allegations of an Armenian ‘genocide’ is to be a ‘Holocaust denier’ – so beware!
Not surprisingly, none of the young teachers questioned anything said at this conference. It is easy to be overawed by the material on the Nazis and the Holocaust and the tendency is to keep quiet, even when it is being linked to events in Ottoman Turkey or Ireland. I think everyone present doubted the relevance of it to Ireland but no one knew much about the Armenians or the Ottomans so there would have been a general unquestioning acceptance of this material. And if anyone had any thoughts they were surely deterred by the warning that they would be lining up with the ‘Holocaust deniers.’
I questioned what I was hearing at this conference and was immediately treated as if I had offended some scripture in a sacred religious book. I tried to explain that I knew something of these events and their context, having researched and written a book about Britain’s Great War on Turkey and that the depiction of the Ottoman Empire was a travesty of the truth and its explanation of the why the Ottomans relocated the Armenians was a simplistic distortion.
I could also not see why teachers needed ‘free resources’ to refute the case against an Armenian ‘genocide.’ What had that to do with the teaching of history? It was sheer political propaganda and brainwashing!
I think it must have been the first time someone had argued against what these people were saying and requiring us to believe and teach. They seemed to be shocked that anyone would even question them. But they chose not to argue. Debate was closed!
This reminded me of Geoffrey Robertson QC.
I presume that you will be aware of Geoffrey Robertson QC as being one of the prime movers in wishing to charge Turkey with genocide over the events that happened in Anatolia in 1915.
Mr. Robertson has put it on record that he wishes for historians to stop discussing the events of 1915 altogether. He declared in Yerevan last year that:
“The historians have completed their mission, now it is the time for judges, who will demand proper punishment for guilt and compensation for the Genocide victims. It is no longer a subject of historians but judges.”
Whatever about the historians, Şükrü Aya has not completed his mission…
In the ‘New Statesman’ of 10th December 2009 Robertson made it clear that the case, for him, is already closed. He stated: “… genocide is a matter for legal judgment, not a matter for historians, and there is no dispute about the Armenian genocide among legal scholars.”
It is clear from this statement that Robertson does not want books like Şükrü Server Aya’s to be written and he wants historians to be silenced about history. He wishes International Law to be the supreme arbiter on history and its decision to be final and binding.
By reducing the event of ‘genocide’ to a legal decision one is making it into a subjective judgment and a weapon of foreign policy for the purposes of gaining leverage on other states.
I do not share Robertson’s faith in International Law. It seems to me to be applied only when it suits the great powers in the world and forgotten about when it does not. It is overwhelmingly applied to the ‘lesser states’ by the ‘superior’ states who appear to be above it themselves. In many ways it is the old ‘civilizing’ mission of Imperialism in a new guise of ‘ethical foreign policy’.
So I prefer to trust in the historians who look for the truth, like Şükrü Aya.
When you know that historically inaccurate propaganda material is being presented across the English-speaking world to teachers in order to inform impressionable children and jurists like Geoffrey Robertson are urging an ‘end of history’ and ‘case closed’ you can see the importance of Sükrü Aya’s book.
The important point in my story is how central the book of Ambassador Morgenthau remains. It is the corner-stone of the case against the Ottomans about the events of 1915.
As Professor Justin McCarthy says:
“Morgenthau has long held a prominent place in what has become the popularly accepted history of the events of World War I. His descriptions of Armenian suffering feature prominently in accusations that the Ottomans committed genocide. The difficulty, as demonstrated by Aya, is that Morgenthau readily accepted fabricated evidence and himself falsified the record.”
Morgenthau spent 26 months as U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from November 1913 to February 1916. During this time he composed a lengthy diary and many letters which formed the basis of his book, ‘Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story.’ The book contains narrations of long conversations with, and statements of, various German and Ottoman officials which are placed in quotation marks. This device adds credibility to the account - as if the statements are taken down verbatim. And yet they cannot be found in the diary or letters, the original sources of the book.
The book seems to have been the concoction of a team of propagandists. The journalist, Burton J. Hendrick was the sensationalist ghost-writer. Morgenthau’s Armenian Secretary, Hagop S. Andonian, on whom the Ambassador relied for translations, was heavily involved after being allowed to ‘elaborate’ himself in writing up the original diary. The Ambassador’s interpreter, Arshag K. Schmavonian was another key constructor.
And Morgenthau had no direct experience of the events he was writing about in Eastern Anatolia, having never left Istanbul in his tenure as Ambassador.
It is perhaps not fully understood that Morgenthau’s work had serious implications for the future peace of the world. Its intention was to foster an American intervention in what was fundamentally an Imperialist war on Germany and the Ottoman Empire. The U.S., acting on the principles of George Washington, was disinclined to join this foreign war of conquest but it did so with the help of Morgenthau’s propaganda and the British Wellington House publications it fed into.
Only with U.S. assistance were Britain and France able to crush Germany and seize the territories of the Ottoman Empire they desired to control. The result was a punitive peace treaty and economic ruin in Europe that produced Hitler and the Nazis and another World War two decades later. And the results of the Imperialist conquests of Britain and France that Morgenthau’s propaganda facilitated and the states they constructed are still to be seen in the Middle East today.
Professor McCarthy explains how Şükrü Aya demolishes Morgenthau’s published account:
“Aya’s method is simple. He takes Morgenthau’s statements and identifies the false, the prejudiced, and the impossible. He compares Morgenthau’s written accounts with his diaries, showing that much of what Morgenthau allegedly heard from Ottoman officials on plans to exterminate Armenians was complete invention. He analyzes the prejudices and political calculations that led to Morgenthau’s deception.”
Sükrü Aya was no scholar but he became a historian because of the sloppy work produced by those who are paid and honoured with titles to do better. Perhaps his experiences of commercial life has made him prepared to do the hard work of research that the academics avoided. Many professional historians seem to have contented themselves with relying on material like Morgenthau’s book as if it were the ‘truth’ rather than what it actually is – a propagandist construct around actual events, for a political purpose.
They really should have done the job Sükrü has done. But perhaps it would not have advanced their careers! Şükrü Aya has no concern for such things - his only interests are the facts and the truth!
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" All Turkish children also should be killed as they form a danger to the Armenian nation"
Hamparsum Boyaciyan, nicknamed "Murad," a former Ottoman parliamentarian who led Armenian guerilla forces, ravaging Turkish villages behind the lines, 1914. Cited from Mikael Varandean, "History of the Dashnaktsutiun." (Alternately known as "History of the A.R.Federation" ["H. H. Dashnaktsutyan Patmutiwn," Paris,1932 and Cairo,1950]. The author [1874-1934] has other works, including "L'Arménie et la Question Arménienne," noted in the library as "Delegation propaganda authenticated by the Armenian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919"])
"I killed Muslims by every means possible. Yet it is sometimes a pity to waste bullets for this. The best way is to gather all of these dogs and throw them into wells and then fill the wells with big and heavy stones. as I did. I gathered all of the women, men and children, threw big stones down on top of them. They must never live on this earth."
A. Lalayan, Revolutsionniy Vostok (Revolutionary East) No: 2-3, Moscow, 1936. (Highly deceptive Armenian activists on the Internet are spreading rumors there is no Lalayan. The above quote has been confirmed. Lalaian was an Armenian Soviet historian and the Dashnag report above was first published in issue 2-3 of the magazine, Revolyutsionniy Vostok and then in issue 2 of Istoricheskie Zapisky, the organ of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of History, The above quote is from a proud Dashnag officer, Aslem Varaam, in the report he wrote from the Beyazit-Vaaram region in 1920, Updated translation:: “I exterminated the Turkish population in Bashar-Gechar without making any exceptions. One sometimes feels the bullets shouldn’t be wasted. So, the most effective way against these dogs is to collect the people who have survived the clashes and dump them in deep holes and crush them under heavy rocks pressed from above, not to let them inhabit this world any longer. So I did accordingly. I collected all the women, men and children and extinguished their lives in the deep holes I dumped them into, crushing them with rocks.”)
"When we arrived at Zeve, the village couldn't be passed through because of its stench. It was as if the bones in our noses would fall off... There were bodies everywhere. We saw a weird scene on the threshold of one house: they had filled the house with Muslims and burned it, and so many people had been burnt that the fat that had oozed from under the threshold had turned back into the trench in front of the door. That is, it was as if the river of fat had risen and later receded. The fat was still fresh. The entire village had been destroyed and was in this situation. I saw this with my own eyes, and I'll never forget it. We heard that they did the same thing to the Muslims on Carpanak Island. The Armenians told me about the latter; I did not see it for myself.”
Haci Osman Gemicioglu, an Armenian-Turk (having converted to Islam) who eyewitnessed the 1915 Zeve massacre; as told to Huseyin Celik, during interviews conducted in the late 1970s-early 80s.
"Only 1,500 Turks remain in Van"
The Gochnag, an Armenian newspaper published in the United States, May 24,1915 ... in a proud report documenting the slaughter of the Turkish citizenry of Van. (Holdwater: this Internet quote needs to be verified. The date is wrong; the closest issues for the weekly are from May 22 and May 29. The origin evidently was a 1982 publication from Ankara's Institute of Foreign Policy, entitled "Ermeni Sorunu [Armenian Question], 9 soru 9 cevap," page 23. Guenter Lewy states on p. 98 of his 2005 "Disputed Genocide" book that 3,000 Muslims were left in Van.)
"Thousands of Armenians from all over the world, flocked to the standards of such famous fighters as Antranik, Kery, Dro, etc. The Armenian volunteer regiments rendered valuable service to the Russian Army in the years of 1914-15-16."
Kapriel Serope Papazian, Patriotism Perverted, Boston Baker Press, 1934, pg. 38
"With the decline of Ottoman power, and the formalization of tyranny, the spirit of the Zeitun mountaineers remained alert. The government launched a number of expeditions against the town, but these were unsuccessful. The warrior spirit of its armed inhabitants, and its fortress-like setting, made Zeitun a natural focus for the attention of a nationalist or revolutionary, who had seen the success of the revolts in Greece and Serbia. Perhaps a similar success could be gained in Cilicia..."
(Christopher J. Walker, Armenia, The Survival of a Nation, Croom Helm, London / St. Martin's Press, N. Y., 1980, pp. 100-101).
"I have it from absolute first-hand information that the
Armenians in the Caucasus attacked Tartar (Muslim) villages
that are utterly defenseless and bombarded these villages
with artillery and they murder the inhabitants, pillage the
village and often burn the village."
Admiral Mark Bristol, Bristol Papers, General Correspondence: Container #32: Bristol to Bradley Letter of September 14, 1920.
"The Moslems who did not succeed in escaping [the city] were put to death..."
Grace H. Knapp, The Tragedy of Bitlis, Fleming H. Revell Co., New York (1919) , page 146.
"We closed the roads and mountain passes that might serve as ways of escape for the Tartars (Turks), and then proceeded in the work of extermination. Our troops surrounded village after village. Little resistance was offered. Our artillery knocked the huts into heaps of stones and dust, and when the villages became untenable and the inhabitants fled from them into the fields, bullets and bayonets completed the work."
Ohanus Appressian, describing incidents in 1919; Memoirs of an Armenian officer, Men are Like That, 1926.
"This three-day massacre by Armenians is recorded in history as the 'March Events' and thousands of Muslims, old people, women and children lost their lives."
F. Kazemzadeh, The Struggle for Transcaucasia (New York, 1951), p. 69. (This excerpt refers not to Armenian atrocities against Ottoman Turks, but to "Tartar" (derogatory for "Tatar") Turks, when Armenia attacked Azerbaijan in 1918. Regarding this period of March 30 to April 1 1918, Vladimir Lenin said that commissar S. Shaumyan, the chief architect of the massacres throughout Azerbaijan, “turned Baku into an Armenian operated henhouse [slaughterhouse].” According to Justin McCarthy's “Death and Exile," "Between 8,000 and 12,000 Muslims were killed in Baku alone.…”)
“As the Armenians found support among the Reds (who regarded the Tartars as a counter-revolutionary elements) the fighting soon became a massacre of the Tartar population”
W. E. D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, “Caucasian Battlefields”, Cambridge University Press, 1953, p. 481
"Many massacres were committed by the Armenians until our army arrived in Erzurum... (after General Odesilitze left) 2,127 Muslim bodies were buried in Erzurum's center. These are entirely men. There are ax, bayonet and bullet wounds on the dead bodies. Lungs of the bodies were removed and sharp stakes were struck in the eyes. There are other bodies around the city."
Official telegram of the Third Royal Army Command, addressed to the Supreme Command, March 19, 1918; ATASE Archive of General Staff, Archive No: 4-36-71. D. 231. G.2. K. 2820. Dos.A-69, Fih.3.
"There is little news from the interior save that the Russians have entered Van. The contingent is mostly composed of Armenian volunteers who fight with desperate courage, but whose excesses have shocked even the Russian commanders."
Lewis Einstein, "Inside Constantinople – A [Diplomat's] Diary During the Dardanelles Expedition, April-September, 1915,". 1917, p. 68; John Murray, London. The book is a daily recording of what Einstein saw, heard, received and possibly imagined with cleverly inserted passages on the Armenian massacres. Curiously, Ambassador Morgenthau is not mentioned at all.
"The Armenians did exterminate the entire Muslim population of Russian Armenia as Muslims were considered inferior to the Armenians by the prominent leaders of the Dashnaks."
Mikael Kaprilian, Armenian revolutionary leader, in Yerevan, 1919.
"In Soviet Armenia today there no longer exists a single Turkish soul."
Sahak Melkonian, Preserving the Armenian Purity, 1920
"Literally Tzeghagron means 'to make a religion of one’s race.' Patterned after the Nazi Youth It was also called Racial Patriots. Nejdeh wrote: 'The Racial Religious believes in his racial blood as a deity. Race above everything and before everything. Race comes first. Everything is for the race.' In the April 10, 1936, issue of Hairenik Weekly, Nejdeh stated: 'Today Germany and Italy are strong because as a nation they live and breathe in terms of race.' From Racial Patriots and Tzeghagrons, the name of the [Boston] Dashnag youth group was later changed to Armenian Youth Federation, or the AYF, as it is currently known."
John Roy Carlson, a.k.a. Arto Derounian, "The Armenian Displaced Persons," Armenian Affairs, 1949-50, p. 19.
Further attached details not reproduced.
http://turkishviewpoint.blogspot.com/2013/11/yet-another-dishonest-dishonourable.html
There are few Australians competent to pass judgment on what happened in late Ottoman history, yet there is no shortage of Australians who do just that. On May 8 this year the NSW Legislative Assembly reaffirmed a resolution it passed in 1997 recognizing and condemning alleged genocides of Armenians, Assyrians and Greeks by the Ottoman government between 1915 and 1922. . . .
16.9.12
3369) Book Review: Armenian History and the Question of Genocide by Michael M. Gunter
Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 195 pages. $85.00, hardcover
Reviewed by Jeremy Salt, Associate professor, Bilkent University, Ankara
Anyone writing a book on the Armenian Question obviously likes a challenge, is naïve, or has not done it before and therefore does not know what to expect. Assuredly, Michael Gunter does know what to expect. Even with the best of intentions, however, books on this subject are doomed never to satisfy everyone. If the author goes too far for one side, he does not go far enough for the other. In this book, however, Professor Gunter makes an attempt to find common ground between two historically polarized positions. . . .
Labels: ASALA, Book REVIEW, Jeremy Salt, Louise NALBANDIAN, Michael GUNTER
14.7.11
3291) Scholars To Sue Taner Akcam For Singling Out Names
Updated Related posts:
Vercihan Ziflioglu
Leading Turkish historian on controversial Turkish-Armenian history, Taner Akçam is being taken to court in the US for singling out several Turkish and American academics for Armenian nationalist attack. “Armenian genocide issue is an extremely political field, yet I didn’t share any explicit names,” Akçam says
Several academics have filed a U.S. lawsuit against Turkish historian Taner Akçam, who is known for his research on the Armenian issue, alleging that the scholar put them at risk of an Armenian nationalist attack following a speech last month.
“I merely shared a piece of information, which I had picked up [earlier,] during a speech I was delivering on the current state of affairs in Armenian genocide studies. I did not name any names and explicitly stated I did not want to leave anyone under suspicion,” Associate Professor Akçam from Clark University’s Department of History recently told the Hürriyet Daily News by email.
Akçam gave a speech at a conference at Arizona’s Glendale Public Library on June 14 during which a number of academics claim the historian singled them out as targets for extreme Armenian nationalists.
A Turkish political science expert from Utah University, Professor Hakan Yavuz, will be leading the suit on behalf of Professor Guenter Lewy from Massachusetts University, Associate Professor Edward Erickson from Virginia Marine Corps Command and Staff College and Associate Professor Jeremy Salt, who is currently working at Turkey’s Bilkent University.
During the speech, Akçam said he shared information given to him in December 2010 by a person who asked to remain anonymous that alleged that the Turkish Foreign Ministry was handing out hefty sums to academics to convince them to produce arguments to counter Armenian genocide claims stemming from World War I.
“I merely shared a piece of information; I wanted to provide a sample of how politics interferes in the academic sphere. Frankly, I have yet to understand [on what charges] they will be suing [me,]” Akçam said.
“My source said the documents received [by certain academics] in return for the money paid by the Turkish Foreign Ministry are [located] in the archives. I repeat once more; it is a journalist’s task to research this matter. I only transmitted the information. A journalist who was present at the conference made news out of [this] subject,” Akçam said.
Yavuz did not respond to questions posted by the Daily News via email.
Taner Akçam said he thought the information passed on to him by his source was safe, a factor which persuaded him to share it with his audience.
“Hakan Yavuz is a person with dubious credibility. I have yet to understand why he took [my words] upon himself. What he has said is so lowly as to not even warrant a reply,” he said. “The Armenian genocide is an extremely political field; politics is directly interfering with academic work. Armenian genocide studies have to cope with two distinct problems: One is about questions and problems [raised by] academic research itself, while the other [concerns] problems that emerge due to direct intervention by politics. The Turkish Foreign Ministry’s intervention is among the samples I have cited for this second category,” he said, adding that all he did was to repeat an ordinary fact that was already known to everyone else.
“One needs to rethink about things if the information supplied to me by my source is correct,” he said.
“I say it is necessary to re-examine because the activities undertaken in the U.S. by the Turkish Foreign Ministry must seriously be re-examined,” he added.
Hurriyet Daily News, July 15, 2011
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Comments:
Judges no violence is future, 2011-07-16
It is good that conflicts are solved in courts instead of violence, threats etc.
Patreas, 2011-07-16
Ha! and this guy calls himself an academic?An academic 'shares' with the public anonymous information received from a 'trusted source' . . .
Tert.am
A number of Turkish and U.S. intellectuals intend to sue Taner Akcam, a Turkish lawyer who openly acknowledges the Armenian Genocide. In his interview with the Turkey-based Vatan daily, Dr. Hakan Yavuz of the University of Utah said that he is one of the intellectuals Akcam charged with being bribed by the Turkish authorities.
They get their salaries from the university, but they know about Akcam's sponsors, Yavuz said. Akcam has made them a target for Dashnaks and Hnchakyans, and their life is in danger now, Yavuz said. So the intellectuals decided to go to law.
Akcam is sponsored by the Armenian Diaspora, particularly by a department opened due to the Armenian Diaspora's efforts, whereas the intellectuals in question are paid by American universities and have nothing to do with the Turkish foreign office, Yavuz said. As to being academically biased, it is Akcam's activities that should be called into question, Yavuz said
Prof Akcam Reveals Turkish Plan to Pay Scholars to Deny the Armenian Genocide
July 13, 2011
By Harut Sassounian
Prof. Taner Akcam dropped a bombshell during a lecture at the Glendale Public Library last month, when he revealed that a confidential source in Istanbul had informed him about the Turkish government’s scheme to bribe American scholars to deny the Armenian Genocide.
Dr. Akcam, holder of the Kaloosdian/Mugar Chair in Armenian Genocide Studies at Clark University in Worcester, Mass., stated that "the Turkish government is following a very systematic and aggressive policy in the US," by attempting to cast doubt on the veracity of the Armenian Genocide. Ankara’s grand scheme is to make Turkish denialist claims as widely acceptable as the belief that the events of 1915 constituted genocide. Moreover, through a series of lawsuits in US courts, Turkey and its proxies are trying to present any criticism of denialist scholars and exclusion of revisionist materials from university programs as suppression of "academic freedom."
Prof. Akcam, one of the first Turkish scholars to acknowledge the Armenian Genocide, related to his audience that during his visit to Istanbul last December, he had a private conversation with a person who had "inside information" regarding the Turkish Foreign Ministry’s activities in the United States on subject of the Armenian Genocide. Dr. Akcam’s confidential source told him that sometime in 2004-2005, an American university professor had met with "authorities connected with the Turkish Foreign Ministry." At that meeting, the professor told his Turkish hosts that "Turkey didn’t have a systematic program on the academic level with which to counter the claims of an Armenian Genocide," and that "the genocide claim is well established at this point," telling them that "there’s very little" they can do "by trying to confront it head on."
Dr. Akcam was privately informed that the American professor made the following recommendation to Turkish officials: "The thing you need to do is to dig a ditch in front of all the genocide claims; you need to create doubt by writing scholarly works which will awaken that doubt." Dr. Akcam interpreted these words to mean that "by producing and encouraging new academic works," American scholars could "normalize the idea that 1915 was not genocide, just as the belief that it was genocide has become accepted."
While it is commonly assumed that the Turkish government provides financial incentives to scholars worldwide to publish articles and books denying the Armenian Genocide, this is the first time that a knowledgeable Turkish insider has confirmed these assumptions. The confidential source told Dr. Akcam that the Turkish Foreign Ministry accepted the American scholar’s proposal and "transferred large sums of money to the US." The informant revealed to Dr. Akcam the names of American academics who received funds to write books denying the Armenian Genocide, and disclosed that "there are documents signed by their own hand and that these receipts are now in the files of the Foreign Ministry’s records."
In his lecture, Dr. Akcam stated that he did not want "to put any academic under a cloud of suspicion." However, when he connected the information received from his Istanbul source to some recent publications, "a disturbing picture emerges as far as Armenian Genocide research is concerned."
Dr. Akcam then referred to Michael Gunter’s recent book, "Armenian History and the Question of Genocide," as a possible "example of this approach." The website of the book’s publisher, Palgrave Macmillan, stated: "Although as many as 600,000 of them [Armenians] died during World War I, it was neither a premeditated policy perpetrated by the Ottoman Turkish government nor an event unilaterally implemented without cause. Of course, in no way does this excuse the horrible excesses that were committed."
Prof. Akcam further observed that the four academics -- Hakan Yavuz of University of Utah, Guenter Lewy of University of Massachusetts, Jeremy Salt of Bilkent University, Ankara, and Edward J. Ericson of Marine Corps Command & Staff College, Virginia -- who praised Gunter’s book, "are well known for their denialist position and works regarding the genocide of 1915." Although Prof. Akcam did not wish to make "an accusation against the book’s writer," he stated: "the strange similarities between what I was told in confidence in Istanbul and what appears on the jacket cover of that book gave me pause, that’s all."
While no one should accuse academics of receiving funds from the Turkish government or its proxies without solid evidence, it would be enlightening if any of them would voluntarily come forward and disclose whether they have been funded by Turkish sources!
Source: http://hetq.am/eng/opinion/2876/
Reply By Sukru Aya
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Comments From:
Asbarez
Halo says:
July 12, 2011
The Passage…*
“Although as many as 600,000 of them [Armenians] died during World War I, it was neither a premeditated policy perpetrated by the Ottoman Turkish government nor an event unilaterally implemented without cause. Of course, in no way does this excuse the horrible excesses that were committed.”
*
… is very important because it is an example of how the Turkish government with its paid “historian prostitutes” of America is trying to take out the *legality* out of the genocide (by making it not pre-meditated). Why is this important? Because then the Armenian Genocide will be a footnote in history and Armenians will have no case for reparations and we can all kiss our western provinces goodbye. When this happens, the Turks will shed crocodile tears along with Armenians every April 24, knowing they have successfully gotten away with the biggest crime in Human history.
Armen Medicarefraudyan says:
July 15, 2011
And who is making these bias one sided claims? Some professor, who was busted for being a former Radical Leftist, who got arrested in Turkey in his 20s for spreading communist propaganda and was plotting to blow up Ambassor Komers limousine and his leftist terror group THKP-C, was responsible for many plots to bomb and attack American targets. He will pay for his terrorism all over Turkey. Oh, and yeah, he had links with the PKK as well. Then he ran like a coward to Germany and became a puppet of Vahan Dadrian. This is Taner Akcam, a communist terrorist masquerading as a “human rights activist.”
Viken Karapetian says:
July 12, 2011
I’m surprised this is news. It was my belief that the Turkish government paid “scholars” to deny the Armenian Genocide, whether by funding trips, paying speaking engagements, or help publishing books. See: Sam Weems, Justin McCarthy.
Sergik says:
July 13, 2011
This article should be broadcasted in newspapers and T.V.s in the US in whichever way possible as a counter measure against Turkish goverment activities.
Mego says:
July 13, 2011
Why the Turkeys goverenment, and it’s paid lobbiest, academics and foreign politicians want to sink beneath Adolph Hitler, who did not deniey the Armenian Genocide, and used it as an example to the german nation to murder six million innocent Jews.
Random Armenian says:
July 13, 2011
“While it is commonly assumed that the Turkish government provides financial incentives to scholars worldwide to publish articles and books denying the Armenian Genocide, this is the first time that a knowledgeable Turkish insider has confirmed these assumptions. ”
Although it would not be the least bit surprising, you need more than this to expose it. You need hard evidence, as mentioned in the last paragraph. Otherwise you’ll get sued. And I would love to have to see such evidence expose the Turkish government. I wish I knew how to make this happen.
Hrant K. says:
July 14, 2011
The early symptoms of the implosion of the turkish denialistic taboo cracks are beginning to appear!
necati says:
July 15, 2011
you know why akcam hates Turkey ? Because his citizenship was cancelled. he has no home !!! poor man !!!
Armenian Weekly
Greg Arzoomanian
July 15, 2011
What’s the bombshell? The Turkish Government has more or less openly announced that continued funding of Institute for Turkish Studies grants is contingent on the people running it (and presumably receiving the grants) toeing the denialist line.
topix.com
OguzTolga
Taner Akcam has been credited as the first Turkish "scholar"
(that word is in quotation marks because real scholars dispassionately consider all sides of a story) to have used the word "genocide" to describe the Armenian events.
A leftist revolutionist who advocated violence and who was imprisoned for terrorist activities, Akcam escaped from jail and later reinvented himself as a scholar, focusing on the one-note Armenian "Genocide" as his bread-and-butter.
His mentor was Vahakn Dadrian, and the way was mysteriously paved for Akcam to become a perpetual "visiting professor" in the USA.
(American immigration officials are usually very picky, often frowning on those with criminal records.)
While there are no major disagrements between the master propagandist and his obliging student, Akcam has reportedly disappointed Dadrian in not going far enough with established genocide principles.
At times, Akcam has even broken with his master; he rejects the Andonian forgeries, for example, while Dadrian once hugely embarrassed himself in an attempt to legitimize them.
Moreover, Akcam does not currently appear to subscribe to the traditional theories as to why the Ottomans should have exterminated the Armenians, principally the theory of pan-Turanism, the idea of Turkifying the ethnic groups of the Empire.
(Although earlier in his career, specifically with his "The Genocide of the Armenians and the Silence of the Turks," Akcam was very much part of the genocide choir, gung-ho for all the "pan" words.
This is the relatively brief paper, by the way, where Akcam repeated the "genocide" word an unbelievable 64 times.)
Akcam makes extensive use of Master Dadrian's dizzying, one-sided research over the many years..
Dadrian does not feel it beneath him to occasionally cite Akcam (as an example, Dadrian threw Akcam a footnoted bone in America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915), but it's becoming apparent the master propagandist feels a good degree of disrespect for his protégé.
Dadrian reportedly does not feel Akcam has what it takes to share the stage with Dadrian.
(Although it may be argued Dadrian's ego is large enough where his contempt is not reserved strictly for Akcam.
Example: in a 2005 interview, Dadrian was asked about his "recent lifetime achievement award," and Dadrian's response was, "Which one there are many," going on to further gush over himself.)
Taner Akcam therefore suffers in some genocide circles, regarding his academic credibility.
In a battle with the Turkish Historical Society's Prof. Kemal Cicek (analyzed below), Akcam has been characterized as a "village idiot" among some of his peers.
Taner Akcam will forever have the stigma of being a stooge for the Armenians, and such status can never bode well for the integrity and recognition he must crave.
Taner Akcam will forever have the stigma of being a stooge for the Armenians, and such status can never bode well for the integrity and recognition he must crave.
Currently, as reported by one of his younger colleagues from the genocide club, one of Akcam's sources of financing is the prominent Cafesjian Foundation (www.cafesjianfoundation.org/ )
This Armenian foundation, according to the report, is partly responsible for the payment of Akcam's upkeep at his current headquarters, the University of Minnesota.
Now this is different than the Turkish government's providing grants to establish Turkish studies departments in universities, because once the grant is given, educators in these departments can go in any direction they please.
However, if Akcam were to begin reporting true history that is critical of the Armenians, it would very likely be the quickest way to kiss this foundation money good-bye.
How is Akcam struggling against being perceived as an object of ridicule?
He is using the one asset going for him, his "Turkishness." With the knowledge of his homeland's language and customs, and with the help of pro-Armenian bases within Turkey (Armenian and leftist media outlets, along with a network of like-thinkers in the mode of Halil Berktay), Akcam has a better finger on the "genocide developments" in the country which allows him to go on a plane of attack not easily available to his genocide cronies.
Having learned well from his Armenian master, Akcam appears to be concentrating on "seek and destroy" missions.
He is looking at the historical truths that expose the holes in the "Armenian genocide," and attempts to throw Dadrian-style smokescreens at these truths.
(Thus, the relocation exemptions granted the Armenians, for example, become "legends," as in the title of one of his works, examined below.)
He zeroes in on the small errors of the Turkish academicians doing research in this area, knowing full well that these handful of scholars are comparative neophytes to Akcam's firmly established genocide forces.
(The forces that have scared practically all the neutral non-Turkish scholars away, with their awful smear campaign tactics.)
Because he can't deny the forest of truth, Akcam's plan is to set isolated fires in the weedy areas, all in the time honored pro-Armenian practice to detract and confuse.
With each attempt, he is further withering the minute traces of credibility some people would still like to accord him... but what else can he do? He has to justify his propagandistic existence somehow.
Unfortunately, hardly anyone dissects the writings of these ethically-challenged "genocide scholars," and thus people like Akcam keep getting away with murder (quite literally, in the "Rufmord" meaning of the word)... particularly since the genocide industry runs practically unopposed (who will argue with anyone who speaks against genocide?
We all know genocide is "bad"), and the false "Armenian Genocide" has become the accepted wisdom throughout a lazy-thinking and/or bigoted world.
On this page, some of Akcam's works will be analyzed, exposing his degree of honesty and scholarship.
A Shameful Liar: Taner Akcam
In early 2007, Taner Akcam got personal, charging the Turkish government and its fascist citizens of conducting a campaign against him, wrongly portraying him as a "terrorist" and as a "propagandistic tool of the Armenian.
" Do his claims have merit?
A Major Whopper of the "Shameful Liar"
There are some historical facts that are just so totally obvious by now, they should not be challenged by even the most diehard propagandists. But some are so "shameful," they go on challenging them anyway.
A recent article exposes Taner Akcam with a major whopper.
""""" 31.450 emails to ""LIAR-MENIAN GENOCIDE ""museum in a week."""" """"" """"" """"" """"" ""
Last news from LiAr-menian Genocide Museum after my open letter to honorable armenians to ask ''if they have a single document in Yerevan Museum of empty hate"".
Amatuni Virabyan
Received 2.345 emails asking if they have any original documents about the So-Called lie Genocide.
She sent only 546answers.
Sonya Mizayan
Received more than 3.500emails in last week but answered only 1.234 and said '''NO I am sorry but we do not have any original documents"""
Hranush Hakobyan(Minister of Bulshits)
Received 5.607 email from Liar-menians abroad and sent no messages as responce.secretery of the Minister resigned.
Arevik Avetisyan took his vacation for 30days.But his mailbox is full with more than 20.000email asking ""why did they fake a nation ""for 96years.
I will let you informed about the total emails they received again next week.
----------------------
.
Labels: Ata ATUN, Hakan YAVUZ, Harut SASSOUNIAN, Hetq.am, Jeremy Salt, Sukru AYA, Taner AKCAM
18.3.11
3236) Misuse of “Memoirs of Count Bernstorff” in Armenian Nationalist Publications

18 March 2011
*Maxime Gauin
ABSTRACT
To maintain the use of more than dubious sources (the “Andonian documents” and Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story), the Memoirs of Count Bernstorff, or more exactly three short quotations, were used by a part of the Armenian side as a corroborative proof. However, two of the three quotations from these Memoirs are tendentiously extracted of their context, and the third is just an unreliable opinion.
KEYWORDS
Andonian, Dadrian, Bersntorff, genocide, Morgenthau, Ternon, Dadrian. .
From the 1980’s, some Armenian and pro-Armenian writers refer to the Memoirs of Count Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff, ambassador of Germany in Ottoman Empire from 1917 to 1918, as a complementary evidence of the alleged intention of CUP government to extermination Ottoman Armenians, so to support the “genocide” label. This use appeared in a precise context: the desperate attempts to defend the authenticity of crude forgeries, i.e. the “Andonian documents” [1] then the Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story. [2] These attempts were made by the Armenian-American sociologist Vahakn N. Dadrian [3] (currently director of the Zoryan Institute, a think-tank close to Armenian Revolutionary Federation [ARF], after his forced retirement from State University of New York because sexual harassment) and his French follower, the surgeon Yves Ternon [4], also a great friend of ARF, who acknowledges to have been leaded on Armenian issue only by Armenian nationalist groups or individuals, and to have always refused any contact with Turkish historians [5]. Both Mr. Dadrian’s and Mr. Ternon’s argumentations on Andonian and Morgenthau are, as a whole, less than convincing [6], that is why even Armenian and pro-Armenian historians raised serious doubts on the authenticity of “Andonian telegrams” [7]; but the goal of this paper is limited to the misuse of Bernstorff’s Memoirs, published in German in 1935, and translated into English one year later. [8]
The Quotations
In the 1980’s, Mrs. Dadrian and Ternon used one quotation of Memoirs of Count Bernstorff, to corroborate the allegations of Aram Andonian’s forged documents:
“When I kept on pestering him about the Armenian question, he once said with a smile: ‘What on earth do you want? The question is settled, there are no more Armenians,’ […].”
In 1999, Mr. Dadrian used the same quotation to defend the Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story, arguing that “German ambassador Bernstorff in his memoirs quotes Talât almost in identical terms”. [9]
No surprisingly, the quotation was used again, later, by others. [10]
In 1995, Mr. Dadrian used also two other quotations, in a rather different context, but also to support the “genocide” allegation [11]:
“His complicity in the Armenian crime he [Talat] atoned for his death.”
“Armenia [= Eastern Anatolia] where the Turks have systematically trying to exterminate the Christian population.”
It is hardly doubtful that if such sentences are accepted are face value, with such interpretation, they constitute a clear indication in favor of the “genocide” label, even if they represent a tiny part of the Memoirs of Count Bernstorff. Both Andonian’s and Morgenthau’s books depict Talat as a ferocious criminal; in the perspective of Mr. Dadrian and Mr. Ternon, the Memoirs of Count Bernstorff corroborate partially such an enormous allegations. However, a more attentive look gives a quite different version.
Critique
The most evident distortion is the first and the most used (“When I kept on pestering him about the Armenian question, he once said with a smile: ‘What on earth do you want? The question is settled, there are no more Armenians’”). The context clarifies the meaning of Bernstorff :
“In this connection an excellent instance is the Grand Vizier, Talaat Pasha, subsequently murdered by an Armenian in Berlin, whom I learnt to respect and liked during my service in Constantinople. A man of absolute integrity, he had unusual gifts that enabled him to climb the steep ascent from the position of telegraph official to that of leading statesman, and a statesman he was in the truest sense of the word. There was not a sign of the parvenu in his behaviour or ideas. As Grand Vizier, Talaat Pasha always gave the impression of a ‘grand seigneur’, and his political conceptions were unencumbered by any pettiness. I never knew any Turk who could fairly be compared with him. He did indeed often promise me more than he could perform. […] However that may be, Talaat usually recognized the right way, and as time went on — and especially after every visit to Europe, he became more of a match for his mighty task. If any statesman could have succeeded in reforming the old Ottoman Empire, it would have been Talaat Pasha, provided that he had been able to consolidate his power and influence. As I have mentioned above, I am not referring to the Turkish Republic of today, with which I unfortunately have no acquaintance.
This constant and considerable contrast between desire and achievement induced in the Grand Vizier a delightful blend of skepticism and gentle cynicism, which increased the charm of that attractive personality. When I kept on pestering him about the Armenian question, he once said with a smile: ‘What on earth do you want? The question is settled, there are no more Armenians,’ a reply which, while admitting his own complicity in the crime, hinted that the European accounts might be exaggerated.” [12]
The most comprehensive quotation is almost self-explanatory:
1) Unlike in Andonian’s forged documents and in Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story, Talat is not depicted by Bernstorff as a monster, a bloody villain, but, quite the contrary, as a moderate and responsible “statesman”.
2) The sentence “The question is settled, there are no more Armenians” is an expression of black humor, criticizing the distorted narrative of pro-Armenian propaganda.
3) Bernstorff does not present Talat as the supervisor of crimes perpetrated against Armenian civilians, but as an “accomplice”.
What Bernstorff means by “complicity” is explained by the context of the second misused quotation:
“His complicity in the Armenian crime he atoned for his death. On this matter he was an offspring of his nation. The statesmen of other lands have often been equally guilty in not opposing and rebuking the prejudices of their fellow-citizens, and it would be unjust to apply European standards to a Turkish statesman, even to one of the caliber of Talaat Pasha.” [13]
So, it is clear that Bernstorff blamed Talat for his incapacity to prevent atrocities committed by some Turks, Kurds, Circassians and Arabs against displaced Armenians, not for any criminal designs against these exiles.
Arrived to this point, let’s notice that the Memoirs of General Otto Liman von Sanders, chief of German military mission in Ottoman Empire (1913-1918), contain also great a praising of Talat’s character, as well as a rebuttal of central government’s guilty in atrocities committed against a part of displaced Armenians. [14]
The third and last quotation (“Armenia [= Eastern Anatolia] where the Turks have systematically trying to exterminate the Christian population” in 1915-1916) is nor distorted neither tendentiously extracted of its context, and so is the single which could be used to support the “genocide” label — however a strange “genocide”, concerning only Armenians of Eastern Anatolia, and not desired by the actual Ottoman central authorities, contrary to all the literature supporting such a label for the Armenian case. Anyway, the Memoirs of Count Bernstorff, like any other historical source, have to be submitted to internal and external critiques.
Bernstorff was not in Turkey but in USA during the Armenian displacement of 1915-1916; as ambassador in Ottoman Empire, he did quit Istanbul; nowhere in his Memoirs, he claims to have carried a particular investigation on 1915-1916 events, for instance in interviewing German officials of embassy and consulates; nowhere Bernstorff mentions the fifth-column role played from the beginning of WWI Armenian revolutionaries, a fact well documented in German sources [15]; despite his praising of Talat Pasha, Bernstorff’s prejudices about Oriental peoples (surely not worse than the average of his time, that is right) and his lack of curiosity for Turkey (he acknowledges to know roughly nothing on Kemalist Republic) are clear in his book. No one of these facts shows Bernstorff as a first-choice witness for the tragedy of 1915-1916.
More important is the fact that several German witnesses, who were in Eastern Anatolia during WWI, have a quite different version of the story. Especially, General Felix Guse argued that the goal of the forced displacement was to crush the numerous, and coordinated, rebellions of Armenian revolutionary committees which started as early as 1914; and that the atrocities against displaced Armenians were not systematic. [16] General Friedrich Bronsart von Schellendorf supported the same conclusions, and stressed on the absence of criminal designs in Talat’s policy vis-à-vis the Armenians. [17] Heinrich Bergfeld, German consul in Trabzon, whose reports are also used highly selectively by Armenian and pro-Armenian writers — including Mr. Ternon —, concluded, too, that the fate of Armenian deportees was extremely variable, depending on the quality of the escort. [18] The findings of Ernst Jäckh, a German scholar who carried out unofficial missions for German government in Ottoman Empire during WWI, corroborate these conclusions. [19]
Similarly, the journalists Gustav Hjalmar Pravitz (Swedish), George Abel Schreiner (American), and Stefan Steiner (Austrian), who investigated in eastern Anatolia — and even, for the first, in Arab provinces — testified that there was no systematic destruction of Armenians; all three stressed that bureaucratic ineptness and lack of relevant material were mostly responsible for the human losses, and that allegations of atrocities widely diffused in Western countries contained a substantial part of inventions and exaggerations. [20] Stefan Steiner witnessed also the war crimes of Armenian volunteers against Turkish civilians in 1918. [21]
Even in the Blue Book published in 1916 by the Bryce-Toynbee team [22], one can find at least one Western testimony, the statement of the missionary Mary L. Graffam, rejecting explicitly the allegation of systematic extermination, as well as any blame on top-rank Ottoman officials or Ottoman government. [23] Unlike the majority of sources used in the work of “war propaganda” (according to Arnold J. Tonybee’s proper words [24]), Graffam testified only on what she saw, and interviewed both Turks and Armenians.
The major Edward W. C. Noel, sent in 1919 to Anatolia by British government to fight the Kemalists, concluded, after investigation, that Turkish atrocities against Armenians during WWI were “isolated” — at least in the region where he travelled —, and added that the war crimes of Armenian and Nestorian volunteers against Kurds in 1916 were — at least in his region, one more time — worse and more “systematic”. [25]
So, even in neglecting the considerable body of Ottoman evidence against the charge of systematic extermination [26] and the failure of Malta’s British prosecutor to find any evidence for this charge [27], and in focusing on Western sources, the conclusion imposed by an impartial study is that Bernstorff’s allegation is prejudiced and not convincing.
Conclusion
In attempting to save, against all the evidence, the authenticity of crude forgeries, two of the most prominent supporters of “Armenian genocide” label misused of the Memoirs of Count Bernstorff, by distorted quotations and the elevation of one unreliable opinion until the rank of evidence. Both these authors are perfectly able to understand that they do not make an honest and scholar use of Bernstorff’s book. But such a finding will surprise nobody familiarized with Mr. Dadrian’s and Mr. Ternon’s selective, and in several cases purely misleading, use of sources. [28]
The scholar study of Armenian issue, a highly sensitive and politicized topic, aggravated far after 1916 by Armenian terrorism and use of both verbal and physical violence — until an attempt of murder by explosives — against historians who disagree with “genocide” allegation [29], needs a special attention to the classical duties of historical work. The shortcomings are certainly not coming from the Armenian side only, but the recurrent use of notorious forgeries — like the “Andonian documents”, the Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story, or Mevlanzade Rifat’s book — and seriously dishonest quotations is the exclusivity of Armenian and pro-Armenian authors. [30] A real debate on the tragedy of 1915-1916 requests that scholars calling “genocide” the fate of Ottoman Armenians express clearly and definitely their condemnation of misleading propaganda; and their acceptance that those who challenge the charge of “genocide” are not necessarily lackeys of the Turkish government, mislead idiots or morally obtuse individuals. Unfortunately, excepted Hilmar Kaiser, few supporters of “Armenian genocide” label have such a scholar level. The basic fact that, since 1915, no one conclusive evidence was showed to support the charge of planned extermination [31] and, on the other hand, the strong proofs that Ottoman government severely punished several hundreds of Muslims who believed wrongly that everything was permitted during the forced displacement [32], as well as positive measures — like the protective policy of Djemal Pasha (Cemal Paşa), third figure of CUP regime, in favor of Armenian exiles [33] or the big expenses of central government for them [34] —, should however incite to humility and prudence.
The needed reconciliation between Turks and Armenian implies an impartial study of the past and a mutual, full condemnation of crimes committed from both sides. Until today, the huge historical literature “contains frequently considerable historical distortions, which takes away any value to it,” as pointed correctly Prof. Xavier de Planhol, one of the best scholars of Turkish studies. [35]The misuse of Memoirs of Count Bernstorff is just one distortion among so many others.
*Maxime Gauin is a visiting researcher at USAK.
References:
1) The most comprehensive demonstration on Andonian’s fake documents is: Şinasi Orel and Sürreya Yuca, The Talât Pasha Telegrams. Historical Fact or Armenian Fiction?, Nicosia: K. Rüstem & Brothers, 1986 (first edition in Turkish, Ankara, TTK, 1983); it is summarized in Türkkaya Ataöv, The Andonian “documents” attributed to Talat Pasha are Forgeries!, Ankara University Press, 1984 and Jean Loyrette’s argumentation for Orly attack’s trial: Terrorist attack at Orly: Statements and Evidence Presented at the Trial. February 19 - March 2 1985, Ankara University Press, 1985.
2) On this book, see Heath Lowry, The Story Behind Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story, Istanbul: The Isis Press, 1990; see also Şükrü Aya, The Genocide of Truth Continues… But Facts Tell the Truth, Istanbul: Derin Yayinevi, 2010; Harry Elmer Barnes, The Genesis of the World War, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1926, pp. 241-247; C. Hartley Grattan, Why We Fought, New York: The Vanguard Press, 1929, pp. 250-251; George Abel Schreiner, The Craft Sinister, New York: G. Albert Geyer, 1920, pp. XXI and 125-126.
3) “The Naim-Andonian Documents on the World War I Destruction of Ottoman Armenians: The Anatomy of a Genocide,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. XVIII, Issue 3, August 1986.
4) Yves Ternon, Enquête sur la négation d’un génocide, Marseille: Parenthèses, 1989.
5) Yves Ternon, Les Arméniens. Histoire d’un génocide, Paris: Le Seuil, 1977, second edition, 1996 (English translation: The Armenians. History of a Genocide, New York, St Vartan’s Press, 1984).
6) Michael M. Gunter, “Gunter Response to Dadrian Article,” International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 19, Issue 4, November 1987, pp. 523-524; “A Reply to Judith Tucker’s Excperpt of Vahakn Dadrian's Article,” id., Volume 40, Issue 4, Autumn 2008, pp. 728-729; Guenter Lewy, The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2005, pp. 65-73 and 140-142; Jean-Louis Mattei, Belgelerle Büyük Ermenistan Peşinde Ermeni Komiteleri, Ankara: Bilgi Yayinevi, 2008.
7) For instance: Christopher Walker, “World War I and the Armenian Genocide,” in Richard G. Hovannisian, (ed.) The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Time, New York: St Martin’s Press, 1997, p. 247.
8) Erinnerungen und Briefe, Zurich: Polygraph Verlag, 1935; Memoirs of Count Bernstorff, New York: Random House, 1936 (translated from German by Eric Sutton); Whitefish (USA): Kessinger Publishing, 2010.
9) V. N. Dadrian, The Key Elements of the Turkish Denial of the Armenian Genocide: a Case Study of Distortion and Falsification, Cambridge (Massachusetts)-Toronto: Zoryan Institute, 1999, p. 41.
10) For instance: http://www.imprescriptible.fr/citations/diplomates
11) V. N. Dadrian, The History of the Armenian Genocide, Providence: Berghahn Books, 2004, p. 211, n. 19 (1st edition, 1995).
12) Memoirs of Count Bernstorff, op. cit., pp. 175-176.
13) Memoirs of Count Bernstorff, op. cit., p. 180.
14) Ottoman Liman von Sanders, Cinq ans de Turquie, Paris: Payot, 1923 (translated from German by Major Mabille), pp. 13 and 185 (original version: Fünf Jahre Türkei, Berlin, A. Scherl, 1920 ; English translation: Five Years in Turkey, Anapolis, United States Naval Institute, 1927; Naval & Military Press Publications, 2005).
15) Edward J. Erickson, “The Armenians and Ottoman Military Policy,” War in History, Volume XV, Issue 2, Spring 2008, pp. 141-167 ; Guenter Lewy, op. cit., pp. 93-94, 99 and 117.
16) Felix Guse, »Der Armenien Aufstand 1915 und seine Folgen«, Wissen und Wehr, Volume VI, 1925, pp. 609-621.
17) Friedrich Bronsart von Schellendorf, »Ein Zeugnis für Talaat Pascha«, Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 24 July 1921.
18) Guenter Lewy, op. cit., pp. 145-146 et 178-182; Hikmet Özdemir and alii, Ermeniler: Sürgün ve Göç, Ankara, TTK, 2004, pp. 77-82.
19) Ernest Jackh (Ernst Jäckh), The Rising Crescent, New York-Toronto: Farrar & Rinehart, 1944, pp. 43-45, 134 and 163.
20) Gustav H. Pravitz, “Armeniernas läge,” Nya Dagligt Allehanda, 23 April 1917; George Abel Schreiner, op. cit., pp. 124-125; Stefan Steiner, “Armenië,” Algemeen Handelsblad, 25 May 1920 (I express my thanks to Michael van der Galiën for the translation).
21) Justin McCarthy, Death and Exile. The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims. 1821-1922, Princeton, Darwin Press, 1996, pp. 230 and 242, n. 107.
22) On the general methods of this propaganda team, see, for instance: Horace C. Peterson, Propaganda for War: The Campaign Against American Neutrality, 1914-1917, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1939, pp. 53-59; and Arthur Ponsonby, Falsehood in War Time, London: Unwin Brothers, 1928, pp. 78-82 and 128-134.
23) The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, London-New York-Toronto: Hodder & Stoughton, 1916, pp. 305-308. To understand why Graffam’s report is unfortunately not representative of the average level of this Blue Book, see Justin McCarthy, “Wellington House and the Turks,” in The Turks, Ankara: Yeni Türkiye, 2002, tome IV, pp. 457-467; Hikmet Özdemir, Arnold Toynbee’nin Ermeni Sorununa Bakışı, Ankara, 2005; James Morgan Read, Atrocity Propaganda. 1914-1919, New Haven-London: Yale University Press/Oxford University Press, 1941, pp. 221-222; and Ahmet Rüstem Bey, La Guerre mondiale et la question turco-arménienne, Berne: Stæmpfli & Cie, 1918, pp. 95-132.
24) Arnold J. Toynbee, The Western Question in Greece and Turkey, London-Bombay-Sydney, Constable & C°, 1922, p. 50.
25) Stanford J. Shaw, From Empire to Republic. The Turkish War of National Liberation, Ankara: TTK, 2000, tome II, p. 922.
26) For example: Kâmuran Gürün, The Armenian File, Istanbul, Türkiye iş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2007 (first edition in English, 1985), pp. 237-292; Hikmet Özdemir and Yusuf Sarınay, op. cit.; Şinasi Orel and Sürreya Yuca, op. cit.
27) Guenter Lewy, op. cit., pp. 125-126; Bilâl N. Şimşir, The Deportees of Malta and the Armenian Question, 2nd edition, Ankara, 2003 ; Salâhi R. Sonyel, “Armenian Deportations: A Re-Appraisal in the Light of New Documents,” Belleten, January 1972, pp. 59-60.
28) Mary Schaeffer Conroy, “Review of Vahakn N. Dadrian, Warrant for Genocide : Key Elements of Turco-Armenian Conflict,” The Social Science Journal, Volume XXXVII, Issue 3, July 2000, pp. 481-483; Edward J. Erickson, “Armenian Massacres, New Records Undercut Old Blame”, The Middle East Quarterly, Volume XIII, N° 3, Summer 2006 ; Clive Foss, “Book Review of Vahakn Dadrian, German Responsabilities in the Armenian Genocide,” The Institute for the Study of Genocide Newsletter, Autumn 1997, pp. 12-16; Hilmar Kaiser, “Germany and the Armenian Genocide, Part II: Reply to Vahakn N. Dadrian’s Response”, Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies, IX, 1996, pp. 135-40; Guenter Lewy, op. cit., pp. 46-89, 94 and 160-161; Georges de Maleville, La Tragédie arménienne de 1915, Paris: Lanore, 1988; Jeremy Salt, “Forging the Past: OUP and the Armenian Question,” Eurasia Critic, January 2010; Malcolm E. Yapp, “Book Review”, Middle Eastern Studies, Volume XXXII, Issue 4, October 1996, pp. 395-397.
29) Maria Çakırağa, Statement in Opposition to Parole of Hampig “Harry” Sassounian (C-88440), 2010; Michael M. Gunter, “Pursuing the Just Cause of their People”. A Study of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism, Westport-New York-London: Greenwood Press, 1986; Gaïdz Minassian, Guerre et terrorisme arméniens. 1972-1998, Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2002; “Crude Bomb Explodes at UCLA Professor’s Home,” The Los Angeles Times, 4 October 1977, p. D1; “Armenians: Community in Turkey Worried Over Impact of Terrorism.” The Los Angeles Times, 12 May 1982, p. B26; “Armenian Terrorism: Near East Feud Rages in America,” The Washington Post, 17 May 1982, p. A1; “Press Clanger,” Times Higher Education, 29 March 1996; « Veinstein persiste mais en vain », Haïastan, June 2000, p. 10.
30) In addition to the above mentioned references, see Türkkaya Ataöv, Armenian Falsifications, New York: Okey, 2008; Cem Özgönül, Der Mythos Eines Völkermordes, Köln: Önel Verlag, 2005; Erman Şahin, “A Scrutiny of Akçam’s Version of History and the Armenian Genocide,” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Volume XXVIII, Issue 2, 2008, pp. 303-319; id., “Review Essay: The Armenian Question,” Middle East Policy, Volume XVII, N° 1, Spring 2010, pp. 144-157.
31) Guenter Lewy, passim.
32) Yusuf Halaçoğlu, The Story of 1915. What Happened to the Ottoman Armenians?, Ankara: TTK, 2008, pp. 82-87; Guenter Lewy, op. cit., pp. 111 and 113; Hikmet Özdemir and Yusuf Sarınay (ed.), Turkish-Armenian Conflict Documents, Ankara: TBMM, 2007, p. 261.
33) Guenter Lewy, op. cit., pp. 196-198 and 218-220.
34) Yusuf Halaçoğlu, op. cit., pp. 71-82.
35) Xavier de Planhol, Minorités en Islam. Géographie politique et sociale, Paris: Flammarion, 1997, p. 450, n. 144.
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